The Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Urea from Substituted Phenethylamine and the Investigation of its Antibacterial, Anticancer, and Antioxidant Properties

There are numerous derivatives having urea scaffold in the literature, and these have many biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial. Therefore, it aimed to synthesize urea derivatives containing substituted phenethylamine rings and investigate their biological properties such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. The antibacterial activity was carried out against four different bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) by disc diffusiontest. The synthesized compound was analyzed for their in vitro anticancer activity on SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and A549 (non-small cell lung carcinoma) cell lines by using MTT, and LDH assays. The compound was inactive against all tested bacterial strains. The anticancer activity studies revealed that the unsymmetrical urea compound had remarkable activity against the tested cell lines, especially against the HeLa cell line with 50,61 mu g/ml IC50 value. The compound was also analyzed for its antioxidant capacity by DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC methods.According to the results, the compound showed good to moderate activity against standard antioxidants.Therefore, this compound may be considered an anticancer and antioxidant agent in treating cancer andother related diseases

Effect of climate change on hematotoxicity/hepatoxicity oxidative stress, Oncorhynchus mykiss, under controlled conditions.

Described as the 'main ecological factor', temperature, strongly affects the physiological stress responses of fish. In order to evaluate the effects of temperature variations on fish culture and food value chain, the present study was designed as a climate change model. Furthermore, the present study provides a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the environmentally induced changes. In this direction, we examined the blood physiology and oxidative stress responses induced by temperature variation in the rainbow trout, a temperature-sensitive cold-water fish. The obtained results showed that climate changes promoted the inhibited activities' expressions and the development of potential tissue and hematological defense mechanisms against temperature-induced toxic damage. This study showed that climate change could be a subset of the studies on the stress physiology in aquaculture, which can be developed for new experimental designs and research collaborations. Furthermore, it highlights knowledge gaps to guide future research in this emerging field

Use of Viburnum Opulus L.(Caprifoliaceae) in Dyeing and Antibacterial Finishing of Cotton

It is known that use of chemicals can cause different problems to human health and environment. Therefore, studies to find alternative chemical free finishing processes in textile are now interesting topics. In the light of this, it was tried to minimize chemical uses for antibacterial finishing of cotton by using plant sources “cranberry fruit” and “cranberry fruit branch extract” in dyeing processes. The dyeing experiments were carried out at two different temperatures for different durations. Then, the samples were analyzed in terms of K/S, CIE L*a*b*C* and h° values, light fastness, washing fastness, and antibacterial efficiencies. Consequently, it was found that the two natural dye sources could color the cotton-knitted fabrics, and in general, the washing fastness of dyed samples with both natural dye sources was good, but light fastness values were limited and in dyeing processes by using cranberry fruit branch extract it was poor. Moreover, it was seen that among the tested plantal sources, good antibacterial efficiency against the tested bacteria were obtained with the use of cranberry fruit juice in dyeing processes at low temperature and for lower durations

Is Serum Progranulin Level a Biomarker in Autism and Cognitive Development Disorders?

Objective: Cognitive developmental delay is a picture of the group of early-onset chronic diseases that affect 1.5-10% of children. Autism spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental diseases with a genetic basis and abnormal brain development, characterized by disorders in areas that make up interpersonal relationships, such as communication, social cognition, and processing of emotional signals. Immune system dysfunction is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of some neurological disorders, including autism. Progranulin is thought to be a regulator of the innate immune response. The purpose of this study was to look at plasma levels of progranulin, an anti-inflammatory neurotrophic factor, in children with autism spectrum disorder and cognitive developmental delay. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 52 children who were patients and 35 healthy children. Of the 52 children of the patient group, 32 were diagnosed with CDD and 20 were diagnosed with cognitive developmental delay–autism spectrum disorder. Serum progranulin concentrations were measured using a human-specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum progranulin concentration was statistically lower in the patient group (110.746 ± 26.04) than in the healthy control group (137.346 ± 30.02). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in levels of serum progranulin (P = .000). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate the potential of progranulin as a biomarker to distinguish patients with cognitive developmental delay–autism spectrum disorder from healthy children. It detected a moderate area under the curve (0.743 ± 0.06) value and a more significant P value for progranulin (P = .000). Conclusion: Progranulin deficiency in patients with autism spectrum disorder–cognitive developmental delay may result in decreased neurotrophic support for many years, with cumulative damage associated with unregulated inflammation that may play a role in autism spectrum disorder–cognitive developmental delay. We believe that low progranulin levels could be a biomarker for autism spectrum disorder–cognitive developmental delay