Investigation into the controversial association of Streptococcus gallolyticus with colorectal cancer and adenoma

Background: The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus, CIP 105428, was evaluated to investigate the controversial association of S. gallolyticus with colorectal carcinoma and adenoma in attempt to investigate the nature of such association if any, by exploring the mRNA expression of NF-κB and IL-8. Moreover, the serological behavior of S. gallolyticus IgG antibodies was compared to that of an indicator bacterium of bowel, Bacteroides fragilis. Methods: ELISA was used to measure IgG antibodies of S. gallolyticus and B. fragilis in sera of 50 colorectal cancer, 14 colorectal adenoma patients, 30 age- and sex- matched apparently healthy volunteers (HV) and 30 age- and sex- matched colonoscopically-proven tumor-free control subjects. NF-κB and IL-8 mRNA expression was evaluated in tumorous and non-tumorous tissue sections of carcinoma and adenoma patients in comparison with that of control subjects by using in situ hybridization assay. Results: Colorectal cancer and adenoma patients were associated with higher levels of serum S. Gallolyticus IgG antibodies in comparison with HV and control subjects (P 0.05). ELISA cutoff value for the seropositivity of S. gallolyticus IgG was calculated from tumor-free control group. The expression of NF-κB mRNA was higher in tumorous than non-tumorous tissue sections of adenoma and carcinoma, higher in carcinoma/adenoma sections than in control subjects, higher in tumorous sections of carcinoma than in adenoma patients, and higher in S. gallolyticus IgG seropositive than in seronegative groups in both tumorous and non-tumorous sections (P < 0.05). IL-8 mRNA expression in tumorous sections of adenoma and carcinoma was higher than in non-tumorous sections, higher in carcinoma/adenoma than in control subjects, and higher in S. gallolyticus IgG seropositive than in seronegative groups in tumorous rather than non-tumorous sections (P < 0.05). Conclusion: S. gallolyticus most likely plays an essential role in the oncogenic progression of normal colorectal mucosa to adenoma and to CRC. This promoting/propagating role of S. gallolyticus might take place by utilizing certain inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and angiogenic factors of transformation including NF-κB and IL-8.Ahmed S Abdulamir, Rand R Hafidh, Layla K Mahdi, Tarik Al-jeboori and Fatimah Abubake

Grid-interactive microgrid charging infrastructural network for electric vehicles with international standards

The electrification of road transport networks is an encouraging attempt to green highways and to lessen the impacts of global climatic scenarios. This research enlightens the current status, up-to-date employment, in compliance with numerous power charging topologies, and examines Electric vehicles (EV) influence and outlooks to society. Moreover, in this paper, the comparison of on and off board mode of recharging methods with one-direction and bi-directional energy flux are exclusively addressed. The work is well supported with Tables and Figures to outskirts the details. The international standards for EV charging and infrastructure for refuelling stations are also discussed and highlighted. In a sense, the paper gives fast insight and understanding of the current scenario of the charging pattern of EV to the readers