Association Between Lipid Profile and Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Diabetic foot ulcer is a serious disabling consequence of Diabetes Mellitus. They are characterized by the breakdown of skin and underlying tissues in the feet, and are a major cause of lower limb amputations. Various risk factors have been identified for the development of diabetic foot ulcers, including poor glycemic control, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and impaired wound healing. it is considered that the lipid profile is one of many factors that contribute to the formation and progression of diabetic foot ulcers. To stratify the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), biomarkers are required. The aim of this review is to assess the relationship between the risk of DFU and lipid profile in diabetic patients

Mitochondrial dysfunction and kidney disease

Context: Mitochondria play a vital role in producing the energy needed for different cellular activities. The role of mitochondria in different diseases and the aging process is gradually being clarified. Different studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction due to mutations in genes that maintain the integrity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitophagy, and apoptosis can lead to many neurological and muscular phenotypes as well as diseases in other organ systems including liver, gastrointestinal tract, heart, and kidneys. We examined the current knowledge of mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in renal pathophysiology. Additionally, we examined how chronic kidney diseases can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction through oxidative stress accumulation, which can subsequently lead to other pathological complications. Evidence Acquisitions: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar, PubMed (NLM), LISTA (EBSCO), and Web of Science have been searched. Results: The renal pathological manifestation of mitochondrial dysfunction includes tubular defects, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS), glomerular dysfunction, interstitial nephritis, and cystic kidney disease or renal tumors. These conditions can be caused by mutations in the nuclear genes that are involved in mtDNA replication and transcription or due to mtDNA mutations in the genes involved in the respiratory chain. Conclusions: Clearly, mtDNA plays an important role in renal pathology, and mitochondria may serve as a potential therapeutic target to treat different renal pathologies

CHRONIC JOINT PAIN MANAGEMENT

Introduction: In the year 2010, the Pain Management Task Force of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) stated on their guidelines regarding pain as a crucial consideration within the clinical practice of rheumatologists and rheumatology around the world. The Executive Committee of the ACR later recommended the task force to raise the knowledge of a rheumatologist’s part during the management of pain and the place of pain in rheumatology-related research, practice, and clinical education protocols. The report included guidelines to be recommended by the ACR and the Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals (ARHP). Since the year 2010, the Institute of Medicine published their guidelines with the title “Relieving Pain in America,” which focused on the importance of tailoring pain care to the special needs of the level of individual patients; these guidelines also emphasized on the high importance of inter-disciplinary clinical care. however, in the last decade, the guidelines of ACR Pain Management Task Force have achieved only limited goals as had occurred similarly with similar guidelines published by other association like the Institute of Medicine. With the 2010 Task Force guidelines in mind, this review will provide an update of the status of the place of pain as a general concern during the practice of the subspecialty of rheumatology.Aim of work: In this review, we will discuss Chronic joint pain management.Methodology: We did a systematic search for Chronic joint pain management in the emergency department using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). All relevant studies were retrieved and discussed. We only included full articles.Conclusions: The issue of pain and its therapy is still an area of research, debates and clinical significance. Our understanding of pain pathophysiology is improving but remains not complete. Pain therapies remain insufficient in benefits and linked to with several toxicities. Despite this, rheumatologists and physicians continue to treat patients with painful rheumatic conditions on a daily basis. The specialty of rheumatology, through its professional organizations ACR and ARHP must keep the forefront of advances in the elucidation of pain and its impact on patients with rheumatic diseases. The ACR and ARHP must be committed to supporting pain research and informing its membership, including trainees, about advances in this field. Key words: Chronic joint pain, causes, management