SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE AUTOBIOGRAPHIES OF SHEEN FARRUKH AND HAMRA KHALIQ

SheenFarrukh and Hamra Khaliq are among the prominent women writers of the 21st century. Sheen Farrukh's autobiography "Jeene Ka Juram" and Hamra Khaliq's autobiography "Kahan Kahan Se guzar gay" came to the fore. New thinking and concern can be estimated from the situations and events that happened in the lives of two contemporary women autobiography writers because both of them have the same commitment and also spent their educational period in college together. The important thing in these autobiographies is that both women highlight the ups and downs of life as well as the joys and sorrows of the stanzas. If we examine the two personalities, they saw a lot in their lives. In the autobiography, they presented scenes like partition, migration, and war. Although there is a contradiction in the personality of both, the study of their lives shows that a woman should be liberal (Sheen Farrukh) or domestic (Hamrah Khaliq), she gets a high position and status only after going through difficulties.&nbsp

Moving on Fluvial Land: Human Migration and Liquid Identities in Shiv K. Kumar’s A River with Three Banks

This article argues that any territory’s geological knowledge is essential to the understanding of how and why its inhabitants move on it the way they do. Taking Shiv K Kumar’s novel A River with Three Banks as its primary text, the article focuses on the protagonist, Gautam, whose frequent migrations within his country seem to emerge from his childhood attachment with the rivers of his land, the Indian Subcontinent, the fluvial quality of which is not an unknown phenomenon to geographers around the world. Gautam’s profound knowledge of what flows under his land is thus what shapes his personality, one that does not shy away from changing identities. Hydro-criticism offers itself as the theoretical framework for this research, under the title of which multiple scholars’ works have been approached to justify Gautam’s liquid disposition. The research draws to a conclusion with the deduction that human beings’ movements are always well in synchronization with the land they inhabit, and in order for migrants to come to terms with their fate, they need to acquaint themselves equally with what is beneath the surface of the region they walk on along-with the knowledge of what is above it

Erythema annulare centrifugum: A rare skin manifestation of hashimoto thyroiditis

Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is an unusual skin condition appearing as recurrent erythematous annular eruptions associated with autoimmune disorders, infections, and various neoplastic conditions. We present a very rarely reported association of EAC with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in a young male. A 26-year-old male recently diagnosed as case of HT presented in the dermatology clinic with nine-month history of non-itchy persistent annular lesions on the body. The morphology and biopsy of lesions confirmed the diagnosis of EAC. HT is a part of the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid diseases with its own specific cutaneous manifestations. Our case also depicts the impact of antigen-antibody related immunological reaction, which might be involved in the development of both HT and EAC, and it could be the stages of the same pathological condition of two different clinical presentations

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare condition, affecting predominantly reproductive-age females with uterine leiomyomata and is most often associated with multiple benign-appearing smooth muscle tumors in lungs. We report herein a case of a 38-year-old woman who presented with multiple uterine fibroids for which hysterectomy was carried out on her. Postoperatively, she developed left-sided pleural effusion. Computed chest tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple nodules in both lungs and pleurae. Histopathology of one of the pleura-based nodules revealed a neoplasm composed of interlacing fascicles of spindle cells with uniform nuclei. The tumor cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and negative for CD34 immunohistochemical stain

Enterobius vermicularis in tubo-ovarian abscess: A rare and interesting incidental finding - A case Report

Enterobius vermicularis is a common intestinal nematode; however, rare extraintestinal Enterobius infections have been reported from different parts of the world. Here, we present a case of tubo-ovarian abscess in an otherwise healthy young sexually active female with no known comorbids with history of on and off lower abdominal pain for one year and high grade fever for one month. On the basis of further workup and radiological evaluation, a preoperative diagnosis of right sided tubo-ovarian abscess was made and salpingo-oophorectomy was performed laproscopically in July 2015. Histopathology of the resected tissue revealed necrosis and in one area Enterobius vermicularis was identified surrounded by neutrophils and eosinophil rich abscess. A final diagnosis of severe acute and chronic salpingo-oophoritis with abscess formation, secondary to Enterobius vermicularis was made. Signs and symptoms of parasitic involvement in tubo-ovarian abscesses are not much different than usual presentations of pelvic inflammatory diseases and identification of a parasite in a tubo-ovarian tissue sample is a rare clinical finding. A high index of suspicion on the part of histopathologist as well as clinician is important for timely diagnosis and effective management of such cases

Abdominal Lymphonodular Cryptococcosis in an Immunocompetent Child

We describe our experience with an apparently immunocompetent child presenting with pyrexia of unknown origin without focal signs. Investigations revealed lymphadenopathy at lung hila, mesentery, and porta hepatis. The child had received at least two months of empiric antituberculous therapy (ATT) before she came to us. A CT-guided biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation. PAS stain showed yeasts which stained blue with Alcian blue, suggesting C. neoformans

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by cetuximab

A wide variety of diseases and drugs can cause cutaneous pustular eruptions. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a unique drug-induced dermatosis clinically presented as erythematous papular and pustular eruption, usually caused by certain systemic drugs. We are presenting a very rare association of AGEP with a biological agent, cetuximab. A male aged 66 years, who was recently diagnosed with a case of squamous cell carcinoma of glottis, presented in the dermatology clinic with a recent onset of fever and widespread pustular eruption over the face, trunk, and limbs. The eruption was noted after the injection of cetuximab given for his squamous cell carcinoma. The clinical history, typical physical findings, and histopathological features confirm the diagnosis of AGEP. The injection cetuximab was stopped and the patient was treated with some topical and systemic medications and the symptoms resolved completely in a few weeks. Our case is an interesting clinical presentation of AGEP due to cetuximab therapy and confirms that this is an extremely rare and proven adverse effect of cetuximab. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever reported case of AGEP associated with cetuximab. Physicians need to be aware of this unique but important side effect of cetuximab and perform a proper physical examination and specific investigations that can be useful to reach a final diagnosis

Response of Manufacturing Sector to Financial Liberalization in Pakistan

It has been believed that financial liberalization can stimulate industrial growth which may be translated into overall growth of the economy by efficient allocation of credit which generates investment opportunities by reducing the cost of investment, deregulations, privatizations and reduced capital controls. This paper aims to examine the impact of financial liberalization on industrial response in manufacturing industry measured as new firm entry. Moreover, moderating effect of external finance dependence on the relationship of financial liberalization and firm entry is estimated. We estimate the model using Generalized methods of moments and found that external finance dependence has a significant negative impact of new firm entry, while financial liberalization has a positive but insignificant impact on firm entry. Nevertheless, a statistically significant positive moderating impact of external finance dependence is documented which implies that the sectors which are more dependent on external finance gain disproportionate benefit from financial liberalization

Case report: lady with bone pains for 5 years-parathyroid carcinoma

Background: Parathyroid cancer is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. It presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge that may not be recognized preoperatively, and is often not conclusively identified during the operation. We present the case of a lady with backache and hypercalcemia, but with inadequate work-up for her condition for several years. Case Presentation: A middle aged lady of Asian descent presented with backache. Initial work up revealed mild hypercalcemia, negative work up for multiple myeloma, negative sestamibi scan for parathyroid pathology. A phenomenally elevated parathormone (PTH) level-2105 pg/mL (16-87 pg/mL), and rising serum calcium, 15.1 mg/dL, (8.6-10.5 mg/dL), ordered years later prompted a repeat sestamibi scan and ultrasonography of neck. Based on these investigations, a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, with high suspicion of parathyroid cancer was made. The patient underwent surgical tumour resection, with subsequent histopathological confirmation of diagnosis. Conclusion: In the setting of hypercalcemia, PTH level assessment is a must. This helps to differentiate between the parathyroid dependant and independent causes of high serum calcium, thereby encouraging a comprehensive pathway to the work up of the cause of hypercalcemia. The parathyroid cancer is a very rare cause of hypercalcemia, which needs to be considered in the differentials of primary hyperparathyroidism, particularly in the setting of high PTH levels

Malignant eccrine adenoma with sarcomatous (Heterologous) components: Report of a rare skin adnexal neoplasm with literature review

Malignant eccrine spiradenoma (MES) is an exceedingly rare skin adnexal tumor that arises from pre-existing benign eccrine spiradenoma (BES). MES tumors show a wide spectrum of morphological features, posing a diagnostic challenge to the pathologist. Sarcomatous (heterologous) elements are seen in a few of these tumors, further complicating the morphological picture. We herein describe a case of a 66-year-old male who presented with a recently enlarging, ulcerated, nodular skin lesion over the right leg that had been present for the last 25 years. The patient underwent wide local excision of the tumor. Microscopic examination revealed a neoplastic lesion comprising benign and malignant components. The carcinomatous component showed features of infiltrating adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, whereas the sarcomatous component showed predominant osteosarcomatous and focal chondrosarcomatous differentiation. The benign component showed morphological and immunohistochemical features of BES. No adjuvant treatment was administered. The patient was alive and disease-free for 14 months, after which he was lost to follow-up. Careful identification and knowledge related to histological diversity are keys to the correct diagnosis of this rare tumor. MESs are potentially aggressive tumors, and therefore, close long-term follow-up should be maintained