Significance of Tumor Marker CA15-3 in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Secondary spread of cancer to bones is commonest and frequent phenomenon and enhances the need of special care for sufferers. Bone metastases mostly are the first complication of different variety of cancers which increase the need of care and expensive facilities. Blood dissemination is another common route, might be due to the venous drainage from visceral organs directly into the axial bones. CA 15-3 is a mucinous tumor markers derived from MUC1 gene, provides better guide line about the treatment, recurrence and prognosis. Aim: Aim of the study was to signify the role of tumor marker CA15-3 in metastatic breast cancer. Methods: Hundred females of breast cancer (any age) with different stages of breast cancer with and without bone metastasis were tested for their serum level of CA 15-3 (biomarker of breast cancer). Bone scan was done to check the secondary metastasis to bones. Intravenous dye Ttechnicium 99 MDP has been used. Serum levels of ca15-3 were measured with the help of Gama Counter with computerized system and IRMA kit (Immunoradiometric Assay) by IMMUNOTECH. Ultrasound of whole abdomen and X ray/CT scan were used to detect liver and pulmonary metastasis respectively. Results: Results indicate a high statistical significant relationship between bone metastasis and elevated levels of tumor marker CA 15-3 in breast cancer patients. Elevated levels of tumor marker CA 15-3 is strongly correlated with positive bone scan. An elevated level of tumor marker CA 15-3 is also correlated with positive pulmonary metastasis CA 15-3 is highly sensitive to detect bone metastasis and also sensitive to detect pulmonary metastasis. A lesser extent of high CA 15-3 serum levels is determinant of liver metastasis. Bone scan is essential tool to detect bone metastasis but need assistance of chemical biomarkers. Conclusions: CA 15-3 as a tumor marker proved a help full determinant of tumor burden in metastatic breast cancer. Its significance is more to detect bone metastasis than to pulmonary and then to liver metastasis. Future studies upon CA15-3 in association with imaging techniques and other organ related specific tumor markers to detect specific metastasis or overall body tumor burden will be blessing for patients and physicians

Total Sialic Acid (TSA) Level as a Tumor Marker in the Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

Objective: To estimate serum Total Sialic Acid (TSA) levels in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma and to accessit`s utility as a tumor marker in this cancer.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 68 adult subjects equally divided into two groups, healthy individualsand patients with oral squamous cell cancer. Under aseptic precautions venous blood was drawn and serum was separated.Estimationof serum total sialic acid level was done according to Spectrophotometeric method of Plucinsky. Statistical analysis was carriedout by using SPSS 19.Results: Total subjects in the study included were 58.82% males and 41.17% females. Mean age of oral cancer patients was48.05 ± 8.82 years. There was significant male predominance with P<0.05. Oral cancer was most common in Tobacco+ Chaliya+ Areca nut and Gutka+pan groups. Mean serum total sialic acid (TSA) level in control group was 60.2 ± 4.27 mg/dl, whereasit was 99.1 ± 18.30 mg/dl in oral cancer group. It was significantly increased in oral cancer group when compared to controlgroup with P value < 0.01. There was progressive elevation in mean serum TSA level in oral squamous cell carcinoma,Conclusion:Estimation of serum total sialic acid level (TSA) in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma showedpositive relation with stage of malignancy, specifically with the tumor burden. It can be used as a diagnostic biomarker in oralsquamous cell cancers

Comparative Analysis Using Multiple Regression Models for Forecasting Photovoltaic Power Generation

Effective machine learning regression models are useful toolsets for managing and planning energy in PV grid-connected systems. Machine learning regression models, however, have been crucial in the analysis, forecasting, and prediction of numerous parameters that support the efficient management of the production and distribution of green energy. This article proposes multiple regression models for power prediction using the Sharda University PV dataset (2022 Edition). The proposed regression model is inspired by a unique data pre-processing technique for forecasting PV power generation. Performance metrics, namely mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), R2-score, and predicted vs. actual value plots, have been used to compare the performance of the different regression. Simulation results show that the multilayer perceptron regressor outperforms the other algorithms, with an RMSE of 17.870 and an R2 score of 0.9377. Feature importance analysis has been performed to determine the most significant features that influence PV power generation

Pancreatic surgery outcomes: multicentre prospective snapshot study in 67 countries

Background: Pancreatic surgery remains associated with high morbidity rates. Although postoperative mortality appears to have improved with specialization, the outcomes reported in the literature reflect the activity of highly specialized centres. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following pancreatic surgery worldwide.Methods: This was an international, prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional snapshot study of consecutive patients undergoing pancreatic operations worldwide in a 3-month interval in 2021. The primary outcome was postoperative mortality within 90 days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore relationships with Human Development Index (HDI) and other parameters.Results: A total of 4223 patients from 67 countries were analysed. A complication of any severity was detected in 68.7 percent of patients (2901 of 4223). Major complication rates (Clavien-Dindo grade at least IIIa) were 24, 18, and 27 percent, and mortality rates were 10, 5, and 5 per cent in low-to-middle-, high-, and very high-HDI countries respectively. The 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 5.4 per cent (229 of 4223) overall, but was significantly higher in the low-to-middle-HDI group (adjusted OR 2.88, 95 per cent c.i. 1.80 to 4.48). The overall failure-to-rescue rate was 21 percent; however, it was 41 per cent in low-to-middle-compared with 19 per cent in very high-HDI countries.Conclusion: Excess mortality in low-to-middle-HDI countries could be attributable to failure to rescue of patients from severe complications. The authors call for a collaborative response from international and regional associations of pancreatic surgeons to address management related to death from postoperative complications to tackle the global disparities in the outcomes of pancreatic surgery (NCT04652271; ISRCTN95140761)