Malnutrition Incidence and Determination of Effecting Factors at 1-4 Years Old Children in Konya

Background and Aim: Every year in the world millions of children die from malnutrition and infectious diseases. Children under the age of five are affected more quickly than other age groups from negative conditions. This study is aimed to determine the risk factors of malnutrition and incidence of malnutrition in children aged 1-4 years living in Konya. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study. The survey about demographical information about the child and their family, child's nutrition and anthropometric measurements described by both Z-scoring and GOMEZ classification, was conducted between May-December,2016 with 1000 children aged 1-4 years in Konya province. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, student t-test and multivariate logistic regression were performed by SPSS 18.0 considering p<0.05 as statistically significant. Results: According to the GOMEZ classification, 18.7% of children living in Konya are malnourished. According to Z-score, 3.5% (n=35) of the children were found to be underweight and 7.2% (n=72) were found as stunted. Factors affecting the malnutrition were the age range of children, the working status of the mother, the kinship status between the parents, the number of living children, maternal age, birth weight, the duration of breastfeeding, the time spent on TV/computer, the attitude and anxiety level of the mother when her child does not eat and the mother's nutrition education. Conclusion: Malnutrition is a common problem and its rate is high in Konya. It is suggested that health professionals should educate the society, especially mothers by organizing various training meetings. Moreover, it can be emphasized that health planners should prepare a program to determine malnourished children considering the risk factors of malnutrition in health screens and first step medical centers

Prediction of Punching Shear Capacity of Two-Ways FRP Reinforced Concrete Slabs

An innovative solution to the corrosion problem is the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) as an alternative reinforcing material in concrete structures. In addition to the non corrodible nature of FRP materials, they also have a high strength-to-weight ratio that makes them attractive as reinforcement for concrete structures. Extensive research programs have been carried out to investigate the flexural behavior of concrete members reinforced with FRP reinforcement. On the other hand, the shear behavior of concrete members, especially punching shear of two-way slabs, reinforced with FRP bars has not yet been fully explored. The existing provisions for punching of slabs in most international design standards for reinforced concrete are based on tests of steel reinforced slabs. The elastic stiffness and bonding characteristics of FRP reinforcement are sufficiently different from those of steel to affect punching strength. In the present study, the equations of existing design standards for shear capacity of FRP reinforced concrete beams have been evaluated using the large database collected. The experimental punching shear strengths were compared with the available theoretical predictions, including the CSA S806 (CSA 2012), ACI-440.1R-15 (ACI 2015), BS 8110 (BSI 1997), JSCE (1997) a number of models proposed by some researchers in the literature. The existing design methods for FRP reinforced concrete slabs give conservative predictions for the specimens in the database. This paper also presents a simple yet improved model to calculate the punching shear capacity of FRPreinforced concrete slabs. The proposed model provides the accurate results in calculating the punching shear strengths of FRP-reinforced concrete slender slabs

Prediction of Punching Shear Capacity of Two-Ways FRP Reinforced Concrete Slabs

An innovative solution to the corrosion problem is the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) as an alternative reinforcing material in concrete structures. In addition to the non corrodible nature of FRP materials, they also have a high strength-to-weight ratio that makes them attractive as reinforcement for concrete structures. Extensive research programs have been carried out to investigate the flexural behavior of concrete members reinforced with FRP reinforcement. On the other hand, the shear behavior of concrete members, especially punching shear of two-way slabs, reinforced with FRP bars has not yet been fully explored. The existing provisions for punching of slabs in most international design standards for reinforced concrete are based on tests of steel reinforced slabs. The elastic stiffness and bonding characteristics of FRP reinforcement are sufficiently different from those of steel to affect punching strength. In the present study, the equations of existing design standards for shear capacity of FRP reinforced concrete beams have been evaluated using the large database collected. The experimental punching shear strengths were compared with the available theoretical predictions, including the CSA S806 (CSA 2012), ACI-440.1R-15 (ACI 2015), BS 8110 (BSI 1997), JSCE (1997) a number of models proposed by some researchers in the literature. The existing design methods for FRP reinforced concrete slabs give conservative predictions for the specimens in the database. This paper also presents a simple yet improved model to calculate the punching shear capacity of FRPreinforced concrete slabs. The proposed model provides the accurate results in calculating the punching shear strengths of FRP-reinforced concrete slender slabs

Bulanıklık operatör bilgisi olmadan süper-çözünürlüklü görüntü elde edilmesi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Süper-çözünürlüklü görüntü oluşturma, eldeki çok sayıda düşük kaliteli (düşük çözünürlüklü, bulanıklığa uğramış) ve birbirine göre kaymış görüntüden yüksek kaliteli (yüksek çözünürlüklü, bulanıklık etkileri giderilmiş) bir görüntü elde etmektir. Literatürde önerilen hemen hemen tüm görüntü süper-çözünürlüğü yöntemlerinde bulanıklık operatörünün bilindiği varsayılmıştır. Ancak, pratik uygulamalarda kullanılacak bir süper-çözünürlük yönteminin gözü kapalı, yani bulanıklık operatörünü biliniyor varsaymayan olması gerekmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, bulanıklık operatörü bilinmiyor iken görüntü süper-çözünürlüğünün sağlanması ile ilgili çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Öncelikle gözlem modelinin izin verdiği hareket çeşidi olarak genel kayma hareketi ele alınmıştır. Bu durumda yüksek çözünürlüklü görüntü, iki aşamalı bir yöntemle oluşturulabilir. Birinci aşama, düşük çözünürlüklü görüntülerin boyutunu, ara-değerleme veya piksel aralarına sıfır değerli pikseller ekleme yoluyla arttırmaktır. İkinci aşama, boyutları arttırılmış görüntülerin her birini ayrı ayrı yeniden-oluşturma filtrelerinden geçirip toplamak ve yüksek çözünürlüklü görüntüyü elde etmektir. Yeniden oluşturma filtreleri, uyarlanır bir yapıya sahiptir ve katsayıları, her yinelemede görüntü ile ilgili bir maliyet fonksiyonunu (sabit-büyüklük maliyeti) enküçültecek şekilde yenilenir. Bu şekilde geliştirilen algoritma, piksel başına düşen bit sayısı düşük iken iyi sonuçlar vermiştir, ancak bit sayısı yükseldikçe performansı kötüleşmiştir. Bu durumu engellemek için gerçek görüntü piksel değerlerini karmaşık sayılar varsayan ve karmaşık değerli yeniden-oluşturma filtreleri kullanan yeni bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen yöntem, yüksek bit sayılarında performansın kötüleşmesi problemini gidermiş ve yüksek çözünürlüklü görüntüyü elde etmeyi başarmıştır.Gözü-kapalı süper-çözünürlük yöntemlerini geliştirmeden önce yeniden-oluşturma filtrelerinin varlık ve teklik koşulları araştırılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, düşük çözünürlüklü görüntü sayısı belli bir değerden fazlaysa ve bulanıklık operatörlerinin birbirlerinden doğrusal bağımsız olması durumunda, boyutları belli bir değerden büyük olacak şekilde yeniden-oluşturma filtre kümelerinin oluşturulabileceği görülmüştür.Super-resolution image reconstruction can be defined as the process of constructing a high-quality and high-resolution image from several shifted, degraded and undersampled ones. In almost all super-resolution methods, the blur operator is assumed to be known. In this thesis, a super-resolution algorithm is presented in which the assumption of availability of the blur parameters is not necessary. The algorithm consists of determining a set of deconvolution filters to be applied on interpolated low-resolution and low-quality images. The adaptation of the filters are done by using the constant modulus algorithm. The method is suitable for pure translational motion and shift-invariant blur. Experimental results show that the method can reconstruct the high-resolution image and remove the blur especially for five or less-bit images. A new method is developed in which the original image pixels are assumed to have complex values and complex-valued adaptive filters are used. This method does not suffer from the problem of degradation of performance as the bit number increases. The method is shown to remove the blur and achieve increase in resolution for any-bit images.Before developing the blind super-resolution algorithms, the conditions for the existence and uniqueness of FIR restoration filters for exact super-resolution image reconstruction in case of pure translational motion and shift-invariant blur are derived. If the number of low-resolution images is larger than a threshold and the blur functions meet a certain property, then a set of restoration filters can be constructed for exact high-resolution image reconstruction even in the absence of motion

Mogu li parametri kompletne krvne slike predvidjeti duboku vensku trombozu?

The aim of this study was to evaluate complete blood cell count parameters including red blood cell indices, white blood cell subtypes, and platelet indices for predicting deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A total of 71 (44 male and 27 female) patients with acute femoral and popliteal DVT diagnosed by doppler ultrasonography during a period of seven years (2011-2017) were included in the study. By matching age and gender, 142 (88 male and 54 female) subjects diagnosed with venous insufficiency in the same time interval were assigned as control group. Data were obtained by reviewing hospital records of the study participants, including clinical and demographic characteristics and complete blood cell parameters. Frequencies of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal failure, and coronary arterial disease were higher in DVT group as compared to non-DVT group (p<0.05). Hemoglobin and lymphocyte values were lower, and red blood cell distribution width, neutrophil, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and platelet to lymphocyte ratio higher in DVT group as compared with non-DVT group (p<0.05). There was no significant between-group difference in terms of mean corpuscular volume, platelet, mean platelet volume, mean platelet volume to platelet ratio, and platelet distribution width (p>0.05). Hypertension, hemoglobin, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and platelet to lymphocyte ratio were independent risk factors for DVT. We found that hypertension, anemia, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and platelet to lymphocyte ratio were independent risk factors for DVT. In particular, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and hemoglobin may be used as novel, inexpensive, and reliable diagnostic tools for DVT.Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je procijeniti parametre kompletne krvne slike (KKS) uključujući eritrocitne indekse, podvrste leukocita i trombocitne pokazatelje za predviđanje duboke venske tromboze (DVT). U istraživanje su bila uključena 44 bolesnika i 27 bolesnica, ukupno njih 71, s akutnom femoralnom i poplitealnom DVT dijagnosticiranom Dopplerovom ultrasonografijom tijekom sedam godina (2011.-2017.) i 142 ispitanika (88 muškaraca i 54 žena) izjednačenih po dobi i spolu te s dijagnozom venske insuficijencije postavljenom u istom razdoblju kao kontrolna skupina. Potrebni podaci za sve ispitanike dobiveni su iz njihovih bolničkih zapisa, uključujući kliničke i demografske karakteristike i parametre KKS. Učestalost hipertenzije, šećerne bolesti, kronične opstruktivne plućne bolesti, kroničnog bubrežnog zatajenja i koronarne arterijske bolesti bila je viša u skupini s DVT u usporedbi sa skupinom bez DVT (p<0,05). Vrijednosti hemoglobina i limfoctia bile su niže, a širina distribucije eritrocita, neutrofil, omjer neutrofila i limfocita te omjer trombocita i limfocita bili su viši u skupini s DVT u usporedbi sa skupinom bez DVT (p<0,05). Nije bilo značajne razlike među skupinama u vrijednostima srednjeg korpuskularnog volumena, trombocita, srednjeg volumena trombocita, omjera srednjeg volumena trombocita i širine distribucije trombocita (p>0,05). Hipertenzija, hemoglobin, omjer neutrofila i limfocita te omjer trombocita i limfocita pokazali su se kao neovisni čimbenici rizika za DVT. Utvrdili smo da su hipertenzija, anemija, omjer neutrofila i limfocita te omjer trombocita i limfocita neovisni čimbenici rizika za DVT. Naročito bi se omjer neutrofila i limfocita te hemoglobin mogli rabiti kao novi, jeftini i pouzdani dijagnostički alati za DVT

Investigation of the effect of quercetin in an experimental oxygen-induced retinopathy model

Aim: Investigation of the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) quercetin and bevacizumab on oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model in rats. Methods: In the study, 28 newborn rats were used. The OIR model was performed with the 50/10% oxygen technique. The study consisted of four groups as a control group (Group I) and OIR groups (Group II, III, and IV). IP injection applied to all groups on the postnatal day (PND) 14. Groups I and II were performed 0.9% NaCl, Group III was performed IP bevacizumab, and Group IV was performed IP quercetin. All animals were sacrificed on PND 18. Results: Based on the data obtained from immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations, the number of vascular endothelial cell (VEC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly reduced in Group III and IV compared to Group II. VECs levels were 0±0, 32.69±5.77, 2.92±0.63, and 3.64±0.36 in Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group IV, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Likewise, VEGF values were 0.15±0.01, 7.57±1.80, 2.45±0.45, and 2.46±0.49, respectively (p&lt;0.001). As well as TNF-α values were 0.06±0.01, 8.22±2.24, 2.32±0.32, and 2.29±0.26 in Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group IV, respectively (p&lt;0.001). There was no significant difference between Group III and Group IV in terms of VEC, VEGF and TNF-α values (range of p values was 0.96-1.00). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that quercetin administration significantly reduced the VEC number and suppressed VEGF and TNF-α. Quercetin's anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis effect was found to be similar to bevacizumab

Improvement of edge detection based on fuzzy rules and edge continuity rules

Bu çalışmada tuz ve biber gürültüsü eklenmiş gri seviyeli sayısal görüntülerde bulanık kurallara (BK) ve kenar devamlılığı kurallarına (KDK) dayalı kenar tespiti yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu yöntem yüksek gürültü oranlı görüntülerde diğer birçok yöntemden daha iyi sonuç vermektedir. Bulanık üyelikler maksimum entropi değerine göre belirlenmektedir. Görüntünün sinyal gürültü oranı hesaplanmış ve bu orana göre kenar devamlılığı kurallarının durulaştırılması ile bulanık kuralların durulaştırılması arasında seçim yapılmıştır. Parametreye ihtiyaç duymayan bu yöntem Canny, Roberts ve Sobel yöntemleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Kenar devamlılığı kurallarının sürece dâhil edilmediği durumlarda programın çalışma süresinin azaldığı gösterilmiştir.In this study it was intended to do edge detection based on fuzzy rules (FR) and edge continuity rules (ECR) in salt and pepper noise added gray level images. This method has better results than other methods in high level noise ratio images. Fuzzy memberships are determined according to maximum entropy value. Image signal to noise ratio has been computed and the choice is made between fuzzy rules defuzzification and edge continuity rules defuzzification according to this ratio. This method that does not need parameters has been compared with Canny, Roberts and Sobel operators. It has been shown that program run time decreased in situations that edge continuity rules is not included in the process

Assessment of Effects of Pre- and Post-training Programme for Healthcare Professionals about Breastfeeding

This retrospective study assessed the effects of pre- and post-training programme for healthcare professionals about breastfeeding. The study included 3,114 mothers who had children aged 1–72 month(s). Their knowledge and behaviours relating to breastfeeding were evaluated. The mothers were randomly divided into two groups: the ‘before’ group included 2,000 women who were not informed about breastfeeding, and the ‘after’ group comprised 1,114 women who had been informed about breastfeeding. 56.2% and 66.1% of the mothers started breastfeeding within 30 minutes after delivery, respectively, in the before and the after group (x2=29.31, p<0.001). 16.7% and 36.5% gave exclusive breastfeeding for six months (x2=72.85, p<0.001), and 28.5% and 23.7% stopped breastfeeding within the first five months (x2=17.20, p=0.002). Ninety-four percent delivered in a hospital or in a primary healthcare centre. Therefore, prenatal and postnatal breastfeeding education and support courses may improve a woman's chance of starting and continuing to breastfeed her baby. In terms of the number of antenatal check-ups, since the differences between the two groups were significant (x2=390.67, p=0.000), the importance of the training programme about breastfeeding was highlighted. Follow-up interventions after training are suggested

The platelet indices in pediatric patients with acute appendicitis

Background: The diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis (AA) remains a problem in pediatric population. It has been suggested that Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) is lower in the patients with AA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of platelet indices in pediatric AA cases.Methods: A retrospective case-controlled study was designed: 224 subjects were included in this study. All patients had been operated on in division of pediatric surgery at the Kars Government Hospital with the preliminary diagnosis of AA. 204 and 20 of these patients were pathologically diagnosed as AA (group 1) and normal appendix vermiformis (group 2), respectively. Platelet indices had been studied in the biochemistry laboratory of the hospital, before the surgery.  Results: In group 1, platelet count, mean platelet volume, plateletcrit and platelet distribution width were 305 ± 94x103/µL; 7.37 ± 0.90 fL; 0,220 ± 0.057 % and 16.3 ± 0.5%, respectively. In group 2, platelet count, mean platelet volume, plateletcrit and platelet distribution width were 283 ± 85 103/µL; 7.60 ± 1.24 fL; 0.208 ± 0.045 % and 16.4 ± 0.7%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups studied with regard to platelet indices (P&gt;0.05).Conclusions: Our study showed that platelet indices have no diagnostic value in the diagnosis of AA at pediatric age group.