Waveform Design for 5G and Beyond

5G is envisioned to improve major key performance indicators (KPIs), such as peak data rate, spectral efficiency, power consumption, complexity, connection density, latency, and mobility. This chapter aims to provide a complete picture of the ongoing 5G waveform discussions and overviews the major candidates. It provides a brief description of the waveform and reveals the 5G use cases and waveform design requirements. The chapter presents the main features of cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) that is deployed in 4G LTE systems. CP-OFDM is the baseline of the 5G waveform discussions since the performance of a new waveform is usually compared with it. The chapter examines the essential characteristics of the major waveform candidates along with the related advantages and disadvantages. It summarizes and compares the key features of different waveforms.Comment: 22 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables; accepted version (The URL for the final version: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119333142.ch2

Cross Validation Of Neural Network Applications For Automatic New Topic Identification

There are recent studies in the literature on automatic topic-shift identification in Web search engine user sessions; however most of this work applied their topic-shift identification algorithms on data logs from a single search engine. The purpose of this study is to provide the cross-validation of an artificial neural network application to automatically identify topic changes in a web search engine user session by using data logs of different search engines for training and testing the neural network. Sample data logs from the Norwegian search engine FAST (currently owned by Overture) and Excite are used in this study. Findings of this study suggest that it could be possible to identify topic shifts and continuations successfully on a particular search engine user session using neural networks that are trained on a different search engine data log

Exploring the Effects of EFQM Excellence Model on the Process of Intrapreneurship: A Research from Turkey

The innovation process requires intrapreneurial behaviors of employees concerning stages of idea conception, development, implementation and integration. All organizations should apply and follow a suitable excellence model which leads them toward innovative behaviors. One of the methods for creating an innovative culture in the organizations is the EFQM Excellence Model. The purpose of this study is to explore how the applications of EFQM Excellence Model influence on the intrapreneurship behaviors of the employees. A comperative analysis (one-way analysis of variance) was conducted with 275 teachers from three schools one of which achieved Recognized for Excellence 5-Star to find the answer of the research question. The results showed that the innovativeness, proactiveness, risk taking, autonomy and networking dimensions of the intrapreneurship behaviors are higher in the school using EFQM Excellence Model. Thus this paper indicates that the eight basic rules of excellence applications of EFQM Excellence Model make a positive impact on the intrapreneurship behaviors of the employees

The Effect of Burnout on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of burnout on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in a mediating model in which the job satisfaction was contextual state.  Data were obtained from 257 nurses from three university hospitals. While the data involving burnout and job satisfaction were gathered from the nurses, OCB data were obtained from supervisors. The findings of hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that the only contributor burnout dimension on OCB-O (ODB toward organization) was the reduced personal accomplishment while emotional exhaustion and depersonalization had no effect. Also the findings of mediation analysis showed that job satisfaction is a mediator in the relation between reduced personal accomplishment and OCB-O and it is not a mediating factor in relation between all three burnout dimensions and OCB-I (OCB toward individuals)

A process independent of the anaphase-promoting complex contributes to instability of the yeast S phase cyclin Clb5

Proteolytic destruction of many cyclins is induced by a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase termed the anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome (APC/C). In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the S phase cyclin Clb5 and the mitotic cyclins Clb1-4 are known as substrates of this complex. The relevance of APC/C in proteolysis of Clb5 is still under debate. Importantly, a deletion of the Clb5 destruction box has little influence on cell cycle progression. To understand Clb5 degradation in more detail, we applied in vivo pulse labeling to determine the half-life of Clb5 at different cell cycle stages and in the presence or absence of APC/C activity. Clb5 is significantly unstable, with a half-life of ∼8-10 min, at cell cycle periods when APC/C is inactive and in mutants impaired in APC/C function. A Clb5 version lacking its cyclin destruction box is similarly unstable. The half-life of Clb5 is further decreased in a destruction box-dependent manner to 3-5 min in mitotic or G 1 cells with active APC/C. Clb5 instability is highly dependent on the function of the proteasome. We conclude that Clb5 proteolysis involves two different modes for targeting of Clb5 to the proteasome, an APC/C-dependent and an APC/C-independent mechanism. These different modes apparently have overlapping functions in restricting Clb5 levels in a normal cell cycle, but APC/C function is essential in the presence of abnormally high Clb5 levels. © 2007 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc

The influence of position in overlap joints of Mg and Al alloys on microstructure and hardness of laser welds

Structure and properties of laser beam welding zone of dissimilar materials, AZ31 magnesium alloy and A5754 Aluminum alloy, are investigated. The microstructure and quality of the Mg/Al weld were studied by metallography, microhardness and optical microscopy. Differences in physical and mechanical properties of both materials, magnesium and aluminum, affect weldability and resistance of this combination, and lead to the formation of intermetallic compounds in the welded metal