The investigation of optimum condition of natural rubber epoxidation reaction in latex phase

Natural rubber (NR) latex epoxidation is a chemical modifcation of natural rubber to produce natural rubber with higher polarity (oil resistant) which is commonly called epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). ENR is produced from the reaction of natural rubber latex with performic acid. Performic acid is formed from in situ reaction between formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. During epoxidation process, the carboxyl group of natural rubber is converted into epoxy group and various side reaction products such as carbonyl, hydroxyl, and hydro furan. These side products must be minimalized to optimize the epoxy level. The epoxidation reaction was carried out at 70 °C for 6 hours using 2 types of latex: fresh latex (FL) and concentrated latex (CL). The addition of reactant was varied in two ways: dropwise (coded “1”) and poured all at once (coded “2”). The epoxy product and rate constant (k) were analyzed to obtain optimum reaction condition. The epoxy and side reaction content were determined by Attenuated Resonance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR). The slope of epoxy-time plotting curve was determined as ENR rate constant (k). The optimum NR epoxidation reaction was achieved in CL2, which exhibited lowest value of side reaction and highest value of k (2.8082x10-5 L mol-1 sec-1)

PEMANFAATAN BIOSILIKA DARI SEKAM PADI SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGISI UNTUK TELAPAK BAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

Sekam padi merupakan limbah pertanian yang cukup melimpah dan saat ini belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Padahal, limbah sekam  padi mengandung silika  yang cukup banyak sekitar 90% dibandingkan dengan limbah biomassa lainnya. Oleh karena itu limbah sekam  padi dapat berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan pengisi yang bersifat menguatkan untuk industri ban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan  sifat  pematangan  dan  sifat mekanik  dari  kompon  telapak  ban  ramah lingkungan  ya ng mengandung tiga jenis silika yang berbeda, antara lain, silika komersial dari pasir silika, silika dari sekam padi yang diekstraksi di laboratoratorium dan biosilika komersial. Pencampuran silika dengan karet dilakukan di dalam internal mixer untuk memfasilitasi reaksi silanisasi. Hasil menunjukkan semakin tinggi BET surface area dan adanya silanol grup di permukaan silika dapat meningkatkan sifat pematangan dan sifat mekanik telapak ban ramah lingkungan