Eigenstates Transition without Undergoing an Adiabatic Process

We introduce a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that offers a dynamical approach to a shortcut to adiabaticity (DASA). In particular, in our proposed 2 × 2 Hamiltonians, one eigenvalue is absolutely real and the other one is complex. This specific form of eigenvalues helps us to exponentially decay the population in an undesired eigenfunction or amplify the population in the desired state while keeping the probability amplitude in the other eigenfunction conserved. This provides us with a powerful method to have a diabatic process with the same outcome as its corresponding adiabatic process. In contrast to standard shortcuts to adiabaticity, our Hamiltonians have a much simpler form with a lower thermodynamic cost. Furthermore, we show that DASA can be extended to higher dimensions using the parameters associated with our 2 × 2 Hamiltonians. Our proposed Hamiltonians not only have application in DASA but also can be used for tunable mode selection and filtering in acoustics, electronics, and optics

A Systematic Review of Scientific Collaboration Studies by Iranian Authors

Scientific collaboration indicates active teamwork between researchers beyond the simple exchange of material or information. This study is a systematic review of the papers published by Iranian researchers, aiming to provide comprehensive indicators, methodologies, and software used for evaluating scientific collaboration. According to guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook, the national and international databases were used for searching by English and Persian keywords without any time limitations. The retrieved articles were managed using EndNote software. By applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 201 articles remained for this review. These articles were selected from 93 domestic and foreign journals between 2000 and 2019. The studies used 16 software to extract and analyze scientific collaboration indicators. Systematic review shows that bibliometric and network analysis methods were the main approaches used in scientific collaboration studies among papers published by Iranian researchers (93.5%). More than 25 indicators were extracted from these studies, and they were categorized into patterns of collaboration and co-authorship network analysis. Researchers have revealed an increasing interest in the factors affecting scientific collaboration in recent years. The present study provides comprehensive information on the articles published by Iranian researchers on scientific collaboration. The methodologies and software were identified that are most often used to evaluate scientific collaboration and adapted to direct future research. Still, a variety of indicators situates them in heterogeneous methods of research. This analytical perspective does not locate the evaluation of scientific collaboration at a single spot. Future scientific collaboration studies will continue to evolve to offer more powerful indicators for assessing the knowledge flow status quo.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.2.13.

Synthesis and Isolation of Specific DNA Aptamer Against Ovarian CancerCell Line

  Introduction: Identification and targeting of cancer cell surface biomarkers is highly important for targeted drug delivery and reduction of chemotherapy side effect. Aptamer or chemical antibody is single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that fold into secondary and tertiary structures making them bind to certain targets with extremely high specificity. Aptamer is a useful tool for biomarker discovery, drug targeted delivery or applied to make a biosensor. Methods and Results: In this study, the Cell-based Systematic Evolution of Liganeds by Exponential Enrichment (Cell-SELEX) was used to develop aptamer against ovarian cancer cell lines. Monitor Pool enrichment was done by flow cytometry. SSDNA of Round 12 was cloned in to pTZ57R\T vector and was sequenced. Specificity and affinity of isolated Aptamer were determined by flow cytometry... Aptamer selection was performed for 14 rounds. Round 12 selected as appropriate round for cloning. sixty aptamers were sequenced and alignment by DNAMAN software. homology of isolated aptamer was 34.1 percent. Eight aptamer were selected after phylogenic tree generated among these aptamers Mana88 sequences was specific against ovarian cancer cell line. Mana14 and Mana94 did not attached to normal cell line but they recognized other cancer cell line. Kd of isolated aptamer were 41, 250 and 2500 for Mana88, Mana14 and Mana94 respectively Conclusions: Chemotherapy is the main technique of cancer therapy; however, its side effects make it a toxic and invasive procedure. The goal of targeted chemotherapy is to overcome at least some of these nonspecific side effects. Aptamers are a class of molecule which rival antibodies in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Mana 88 isolated in this study could use for targeted drug delivery and diagnostic ovarian cancer. Mana14 could use for targeted drug delivery ovarian and breast cancers. Isolation. Target of isolated aptamer on the cell surface will be recognized by proteomics approache