Some stochastic Property of topological action semigroups

Under suitable conditions, with respect to some property on a random iterated function system(RIFS), it is shown how the system satisfies in this property almost surely.Comment: 9 page

Fontanel Size from Birth to 24 Months of Age in Iranian Children

How to Cite This Article: Esmaeili Mo, Esmaeili Ma, Ghane Sharbaf F, Bokharaie Sh. Fontanel Size from Birth to 24 Months of Age in Iranian Children. Iran J Child Neurol. Autumn 2015;9(4):15-23.AbstractObjectiveDiagnosis of abnormal fontanel size, a potential clue to recognition of different disorders, requires an understanding of the wide variation of normal fontanel size. The anterior fontanel is the largest, prominent and most important for clinical evaluation. The aim of this study was to establish and define normal range of fontanel size from birth to 24 months of age in healthy Iranian children that might be generalized to other populations.Materials & MethodsTotally, 550 subjects enrolled randomly in this cross sectional study. They were apparently normal healthy children, from birth to 24 months of age, including 208-term newborn and 342 infant from birth to 2 yr old. Fontanel size was measured and recorded as the mean of the length (anterior- posterior dimension) and width (transverse dimension). Mean anterior fontanel sizes in our samples were classified for periods of 3 months. Nomograms and statistical analyses were performed and depicted by Excel Microsoft Office 2007 and two-tailed t-test respectively.ResultsThe mean ±2SD of anterior fontanel size was 2.55±1.92 cm in newborns, 3.37±2.48 (largest size) in 3 months of age. It was closed in all cases in 15-18 months of age. The mean posterior fontanel size was 0.8 cm in newborns and closed in all infants in 2 months of age. There was no significant difference in anterior fontanel size between two genders except in newborn and 6-9 months old (P>0.05).ConclusionAbnormal fontanel can indicate a serious medical condition. Therefore, it is important to understand normal variations, to utilize standardized techniques for measurement and appropriate standards of normal range in different age groups and populations. This study provides a normal range of mean fontanel size in Iranian infants as a local reference. It might be generalized to other populations.

Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of zinc resistant Acinetobacter sp. and its potential for bioremediation

In this study, a gram negative, non- motile short rod-shaped and heavy metal resistant bacterial strain was isolated from effluents. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of the strain were 33°C and 7, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) against the isolate were determined. The isolate showed MICs of 5, 4, 3 and 2 mM when grown on Zn, Cu, Cr and Hg, respectively. The isolate was assessed for its ability to remove zinc from medium amended with different concentrations of zinc. Up to 65% of zinc was removed at the zinc concentration of 1 mM. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Acinetobacter with 98% similarity to Acinetobacter junni. It was then designated as Acinetobacter sp. HM_AF14. Based on the data obtained in this study, it can be concluded that Acinetobacter sp. HM_AF14 can be used for bioremediation of zinc from effluents.Keywords: Heavy metals, Acinetobacter sp., bioremediation, 16S rRNA, zinc removalAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(26), pp. 4123-412

Renal Amyloidosis Due to Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Occurring in Early Childhood

Renal amyloidosis is a late manifestation of chronic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and usually manifests during the first 10 to 15 years after the onset of JRA. We hereby report a boy with JRA-related renal amyloidosis who presented with nephrotic syndrome in early childhood. Amyloidosis was associated with a 6-year history of juvenile rheumatic arthritis (JRA). Diagnosis of renal amyloidosis was confirmed by the deposition of Congo red positive amyloid fibrils within the glomeruli. Polarized light microscopy showed the classic green birefringence appearance.Key words: Arthritis, Juvenile; Amyloidosis, familial renal; Chil

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) in Patients with COVID-19 Infection

COVID-19, a pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, in severe cases, it may involve multiple organs including the kidneys. Kidney involvement has been reported in many cases and the most common presentation is with acute kidney injury (AKI) proteinuria and hematuria. The pathogenic mechanism of renal involvement in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is still unclear. It is supposed to result from a combination of several contributing factors, such asdehydration, acute tubular necrosis, toxic tubular damage, cytokine storm or rhabdomyolysis. CRRT can use in multiorgan failure and associated by reduce mortality. Keywords: COVID-19; Corona virus disease 2019; CRRT; Child

Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity in children with cancer

Children with cancer treated with cytotoxic drugs are frequently at risk of developing renal dysfunction. The cytotoxic drugs that are widely used for cancer treatment in children are cisplatin (CPL), ifosfamide (IFO), carboplatin, and methotrexate (MTX). Mechanisms of anticancer drug-induced renal disorders are different and include acute kidney injury (AKI), tubulointerstitial disease, vascular damage, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and intrarenal obstruction. CPL nephrotoxicity is dose-related and is often demonstrated with hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and impaired renal function with rising serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. CPL, mitomycin C, and gemcitabine treatment cause vascular injury and HUS. High-dose IFO, streptozocin, and azacitidine cause renal tubular dysfunction manifested by Fanconi syndrome, rickets, and osteomalacia. AKI is a common adverse effect of MTX, interferon-alpha, and nitrosourea compound treatment. These strategies to reduce the cytotoxic drug-induced nephrotoxicity should include adequate hydration, forced diuresis, and urinary alkalization. Amifostine, sodium thiosulfate, and diethyldithiocarbamate provide protection against CPL-induced renal toxicity

Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the one‐humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the south of Iran

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis, an important zoonotic disease, is caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Camels are one of several host species for T. gondii parasites and play an important role in the transmission of T. gondii to humans. Objectives The present study aimed to describe the seroprevalence of T. gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from three provinces (Fars, Bushehr and Hormozgan), southern Iran first for this host. Methods A total of 180 serum samples were analysed for the presence of anti‐Toxoplasma IgG antibodies using the enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay. Results Our results showed an overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in 15% of animals. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in sera of 27 of 180 dromedary camels from Fars, Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces, southern Iran. Age or the gender of the camel did not significantly affect the seroprevalence (p > 0.05). There was no significant association between herd‐level seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and abortion history, province location residence, history of animal keeping and history of contact with other animals (p > 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study showed the presence of T. gondii antibodies among camels in Southern Iran, which could be a public health concern. According to the prevalence of T. gondii infection in camel, the implementation of control measures to reduce infection in both definitive and intermediate hosts is needed