The quantitative spectrographic analysis of the rare earth elements

The great similarity in the chemical properties of the rare earths has limited the application of the familiar reactions of analytical chemistry in the analysis of this group of elements. A number of physical and physico-chemical methods have been developed and of these the spectrophotometric method has possessed the greatest general utility. In connection with the studies on the separation of the rare earths by means of the ion-exchange column technique (1, 2) the spectrophotometric method was found inadequate for some of the necessary analytical work, namely; (a) the determination of small amounts of the respective elements below the concentrations detectable by the spectrophotometric method, and (b) the determination of large amounts of those members of the group which possess no absorption bands in the region 2200--10,000 Angstroms. An investigation of other physical methods which might yield the above information led to the development of satisfactory emission spectrographic methods which are described herein

An instrument for internal standard flame photometry and its application to the determination of calcium in the rare earths

Details are given for simple modifications of a laboratory monochromator so that selected internal standard line pairs from flame spectra may be isolated and measured simultaneoualy with a multiplier phototube differential photometer. The basic design is applicable to most spectrometers or spectrographs. An atomizing system with provisions for sample recycling and recovery is also described. This equipment has been applied to the determination of calcium in the rare earths in the concentration range of 0.025 to 2.5%. Average deviation for a series of repeated determinations at various concentrations is about plus or minus 1.5%

Quantitative separation of small amounts of rare earths from thorium, uranium, and zirconium by ion exchange

A successful method has been developed for the determination of certain rare earths in thorium in the fractional ppm range. The procedure is based on the ion-exchange chromatographic separation of the rare earths plus added yttrium carrier from the thorium, followed by emission spectrometric determination of the rare-earth impurities in the yttrium carrier. A simultaneous separation from the rare earths of the common element impurities present in the thorium has been accomplished. A high degree of compensation for procedural errors is achieved by the use of a pure rare earth as both the carrier in the separation and purification procedure and the matrix material in the spectrographic determination

Taboo Breaking as a Strategy? On the Representation of Dementia in Tilman Jens’ Demenz. Abschied Von Meinem Vater (2009)

Tilman Jens schildert in Demenz. Abschied von meinem Vater (2009) den geistigen Verfall seines Vaters Walter Jens. Im Rahmen dieser autobiographischen Erzählung stilisiert sich der Autor als Tabu-Brecher, da der Demenz, so Jens, ein stigmatisierender Moment innewohne. Fraglich ist, ob Tilman Jens tatsächlich als Vorreiter der deutschsprachigen Demenzliteratur betrachtet werden kann. Die Reaktionen des überregionalen Feuilletons mögen diese zentrale These auf den ersten Blick bestätigen. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich mit Jens’ Text sowie den Verrissen des Feuilletons genauer auseinander und möchte zeigen, dass nicht die Thematisierung der Demenz, sondern vielmehr die Darstellungsweise der prominenten Persönlichkeit Walter Jens ethische Bedenken auslöst. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird einleitend das Tabu-Verständnis nach Sigmund Freud für die Analyse fruchtbar gemacht, um erstens festzustellen, ob und inwiefern Jens ein Tabu bricht. Darauf aufbauend geht der Beitrag zweitens der These nach, dass vor allem die Schilderung des krankheitsbedingten Gedächtnisverlustes eines prominenten Intellektuellen wie Walter Jens der eigentliche Skandal ist, während vergleichbare Demenznarrative lobenswert besprochen werden. Im Licht des dementen Walter Jens erweist sich Thomas Manns Überlegung, es komme darauf an, wer krank sei, als ausgesprochen aktuell.U kontekstu autobiografske pripovijesti u kojoj opisuje mentalni krah svojeg oca Waltera, autor Tilman Jens sebi pripisuje ulogu razbijača tabua s obzirom na stav da je demencija inherentno stigmatizirana. Jensa je ustvari moguće smatrati pionirom književnosti o demenciji na njemačkom jeziku, a tu središnju tezu na prvi pogled potvrđuju žestoke reakcije umjetničkih sekcija nekoliko narodnih tiskovina. Ovaj rad pomno razmatra Jensov tekst i njegovu kritiku s ciljem pokazivanja da etički upitna nije tema demencije sama po sebi, već način na koji je prikazana istaknuta ličnost Waltera Jensa. Pritom se analiza oslanja na poimanje tabua prema Sigmundu Freudu, ponajprije radi utvrđivanja otklanja li Jens tabu i u kojoj mjeri. Nastavno na to, zastupa se teza da je ustvari skandalozan prikaz gubitka pamćenja izazvanog bolešću istaknutog intelektualca poput Waltera Jensa, dok se o sličnim pripovijestima o demenciji raspravlja mnogo pozitivnije. S obzirom na dementnog Waltera, misao Thomasa Manna da sve ovisi o tome tko je bolesnik pokazuje se izrazito relevantnom.In the context of this autobiographical narrative, in which Tilman Jens describes the mental decline of his father Walter, the author designates himself as a taboo-breaker since according to him dementia contains an inherent stigma. In fact, it is possible to consider Jens a pioneer of German-language literature on dementia, and the outrageous reactions by arts sections of several national newspapers may confirm this central thesis at first glance. This paper takes a closer look at Jens’ text as well as the critical reviews, and aims to show that it is not the thematisation of dementia, but rather the way in which the prominent personality of Walter Jens is portrayed that triggers ethical concerns. Against this background, this analysis draws on the understanding of taboo according to Sigmund Freud, firstly to determine whether and to what extent Jens is breaking a taboo. Building on this, the article pursues the thesis that it is above all the depiction of the illness-related memory loss of a prominent intellectual like Walter Jens that is the real scandal, while comparable dementia narratives are discussed much more positively. In the light of the demented Walter Jens, Thomas Mann’s consideration that it depends on who is ill proves to be decidedly relevant

Yersinia enterocolitica prevalence and diversity in a pig slaughterhouse

Yersinia enterocolitica is involved in human foodborne infections. Pigs are considered as a major reservoir in many countries. The aim of the study was to contribute to the evaluation of the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in France in pigs at the slaughterhouse level with optimized detection methods based on ISO 10273-2003

Análise das variáveis da experiência do consumidor de produtos hedônicos através das interações e conteúdo gerado por consumidores e entusiastas de vinho: um comparativo entre duas vinícolas chilenas

There are several theories of consumer behavior showing that people are impacted by experiential elements at the time consumption of a particular product, service or content. The main articles on the subject point out that these experiences can be classified according to dimensions that have affective, sensory, cognitive nature, activity and identification. If in one hand, the power of "word of mouth" through electronic social networking plays a significant role within the process of the shopping experience of consumers, on the other hand, the literature presents results that show that brands that develop emotional bonds are more likely to having loyal customers. Therefore, to understand how networks and virtual brand communities can provide inputs to the appearance of one or more dimensions of consumption experience was the great motivator for conducting the present study. Analyze how networks and virtual communities can be used in forming the consumer experience of hedonic products, specifically as regards the wine sector is presented as the research object. Thus, data from consumers involved in such experiences, have translated into a set of information for future use as well as applicability of ideas for improving the business marketing in the academic context. Still, these data are intended to assist consumer decisions fanciers groups and seek to provide subsidies to understand how these factors impact the purchase decisions of consumers or fans of hedonic consumption goods. Thus, this thesis presents data from a netnographic analysis conducted on two virtual communities of Chilean wine brands with a significant number of fans. The data collected in this study were analyzed by the researcher and the results of this indicated the occurrence of several experiential dimensions in publications, comments, shares, and interactions of each publication originated in virtual communities dedicated to brands, as well as the interactive potential arising therefrom.Diversas teorias sobre o comportamento de consumo apontam que as pessoas são impactadas por elementos experienciais no momento do consumo de determinado produto, serviço ou conteúdo. Os principais artigos sobre o tema salientam que essas experiências podem ser classificadas através de dimensões que possuem cunho afetivo, sensorial, cognitivo, de atividade e de identificação. Se por um lado o poder do "boca a boca" eletrônico através das redes sociais tem papel significativo dentro do processo da experiência de compra dos consumidores, por outro lado, a literatura apresenta resultados que apontam que marcas que desenvolvem vínculos emocionais estão mais propensas a possuírem clientes fiéis. Por essa razão, entender de que forma as redes e comunidades virtuais de marca podem fornecer subsídios para o aparecimento de uma ou mais dimensões da experiência de consumo foi o grande motivador para a condução do presente estudo. Analisar de que forma as redes e comunidades virtuais podem ser utilizadas na formação da experiência dos consumidores de produtos hedônicos, especificamente no caso do setor vitivinícola apresenta-se como o objeto de pesquisa. Dessa forma, os dados de consumidores envolvidos em tais experiências se traduziram em um conjunto de informações para uso futuro bem como para aplicabilidade de ideias para melhoria do marketing empresarial no contexto acadêmico. Ainda, esses dados se propõem a auxiliar as decisões de consumo de grupos aficcionados, bem como procuram fornecer subsídios para entender como tais fatores impactam nas decisões de compra dos consumidores ou fãs de bens de consumo hedônicos. Assim, a presente dissertação apresenta dados de uma análise netnográfica conduzida em duas comunidades virtuais de marcas de vinho chilenas com expressivo número de fãs. Os dados coletados no estudo foram analisados pelo pesquisador e os resultados deste apontaram a ocorrência de várias dimensões experienciais nas publicações, comentários, compartilhamentos e interações de cada publicação originada nas comunidades virtuais dedicadas às marcas, bem como os potenciais interativos decorrentes das mesmas

Lysine Effect on Ruthenium Red and Alcian Blue Preservation and Staining of the Staphylococcal Glycocalyx

The effect of lysine on ruthenium red (RR) and alcian blue (AB) preservation arid/or staining for transmission electron microscopy of glycocalyces was evaluated for three species of the gram-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococci. A RR and an AB procedure were compared with and without lysine included in the glutaraldehyde prefixation. Minimal or no glycocalyx was preserved or stained by glutaraldehyde fixation only. For all species, the inclusion of lysine increased visualization of fibrous material. RR treatment without lysine, results in sparse or limited fibrous material or artifactual condensations which contrasts with enhanced fibrous material seen when lysine is included with RR. The effect of lysine is also to enhance the visualization of staphylococcal glycocalyx by AB. Without lysine, condensed curved structures are consistently seen following AB processing. In contrast, extensive and elaborate glycocalyces are observed with inclusion of lysine with AB. Thus, ultrastructural visualization by RR and AB of the staphylococcal glycocalyx in the species studied was enhanced by use of lysine

A dispensa de licitação por emergência no Brasil a luz da nova lei de licitações e contratos

Neste trabalho, o objetivo geral consistiu em explicitar o assunto "Dispensa de licitação emergencial" quanto ao seu conteúdo, seu conceito, e descrever o processo relativo ao uso da norma. Para atingir esse propósito, abordou-se desde os conceitos gerais sobre licitação, juntamente com seus princípios e fundamentos na lei, a fim de proporcionar um melhor entendimento do assunto. Ademais, foram expostas as diferenças entre as outras regras e normas que compõem a contratação direta, bem como explicou-se o seu conceito geral e demais informações pertinentes para evitar confusão entre os institutos. Realizaram-se, inclusive, comparativos entre a lei 8.666/93 e a lei 14.133/21 (Nova Lei de Licitações e Contratos) com o intuito de familiarizar o leitor com as peculiaridades do tema. Entretanto, no decorrer do trabalho, concentrou-se os estudos no tema "Dispensa de Licitação por Emergência no Brasil à luz da Nova Lei de Licitações e Contratos". Para isso, utilizou-se o método bibliográfico com análise de conteúdo. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]In this work, the general objective was to explain the subject "Exemption from emergency bidding" in terms of its content, its concept, and describe the process related to the use of the standard. To achieve this purpose, the general concepts of bidding were covered, along with its principles and foundations in the law, in order to provide a better understanding of the subject. Furthermore, the differences between the other rules and standards that make up direct contracting were explained, as well as its general concept and other pertinent information were explained to avoid confusion between the institutes. Comparisons were even made between law 8.666/93 and law 14.133/21 (New Law on Tenders and Contracts) with the aim of familiarizing the reader with the peculiarities of the topic. However, during the work, studies were focused on the topic Exemption from emergency bidding in Brazil in light of the New Bidding and Contracts Law". For this, the bibliographic method with content analysis was used. [resumo fornecido pelo autor