Skeletal muscle stem cell defects in burn-induced cachexia

..In an intriguing recent paper published in The Journal of Physiology, Fry and colleagues (Fry et al. 2016) explore the potential involvement of SCs and myonuclei apoptosis in young burn patients, a condition characterized by hyper-metabolism and extreme muscle wasting... ...The authors hypothesized that severe burn trauma could induce myonuclear apoptosis along with increased SC activation, in order to counteract the loss of myonuclei. In brief, the major findings by Fry and colleagues were (summarized in Table 1): (1) burn trauma induces myonuclear and SC apoptosis, (2) SC content is decreased although the content of active SCs is increased in burn patients, and (3) the latter two are associated with a generalized regenerative response (increased central nuclei and embMHC positive fibres) in burn patients

GLEEBLE MACHINE DETERMINATION OF CREEP LAW PARAMETERS FOR THERMALLY INDUCED DEFORMATIONS IN ALUMINIUM DC CASTING

By means of a Gleeble machine, the flow stress at steady-state creep in an AA3103 aluminium alloy has been measured for temperatures and strain rates relevant for thermally induced deformations in DC casting. The strain rate has been determined by measuring the global radial strain rate at the specimen center by an extensometer, and the stress has been set equal to the force in the axial direction divided by the cross-section area. The parameters of Garofalo’ s equation have been fitted to the resulting steady-state stress and strain rate. Such a method is based upon the assumption of homogeneous stress and strain rate fields. In the Gleeble machine, the specimens are heated by the Joule effect leading to axial temperature gradients, and the specimen geometry is noncylindrical. The resulting inhomogeneities in the stress and strain rate fields are studied by finite element modeling, and it is shown that although they can be significant, the global radial strain rate and the axial force divided by the cross-section area at the specimen center can be relatively close to what the respective strain rate and stress values would have been if the conditions actually were homogeneous

Demosaicing of Periodic and Random Color Filter Arrays by Linear Anisotropic Diffusion

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Bio-Inspired Multimodal Imaging in Reduced Visibility

International audienceThe visual systems found in nature rely on capturing light under different modalities, in terms of spectral sensitivities and polarization sensitivities. Numerous imaging techniques are inspired by this variety, among which, the most famous is color imaging inspired by the trichromacy theory of the human visual system. We investigate the spectral and polarimetric properties of biological imaging systems that will lead to the best performance on scene imaging through haze, i.e., dehazing. We design a benchmark experiment based on modalities inspired by several visual systems, and adapt state-of-the-art image reconstruction algorithms to those modalities. We show the difference in performance of each studied systems and discuss it in front of our methodology and the statistical relevance of our data

Statistical Analysis of Sparkle in Snow Images

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