Etude du dimorphisme sexuel de l'os coxal immature en morphométrie géométrique par une analyse de 400 examens tomodensitométriques

Les récents développements de la morphométrie géométrique ouvrent de nouvelles voies de recherche en anthropobiologie, notamment dans le cadre de l'étude du dimorphisme sexuel. Les données de la littérature concernant le dimorphisme de l'os coxal immature sont moins nombreuses que chez les individus matures, et présentent surtout des conclusions discordantes. Cette étude évalue le dimorphisme sexuel de l'os coxal immature par géométrie morphométrique à partir d'une série de 400 examens tomodensitométriques, d'enfants de la naissance à l'âge de 18 ans. Cette méthode par l'extraction de la taille centroide permet l'étude du dimorphisme sexuel de taille et par l'étude des résidus Procrustes l'étude du dimorphisme sexuel de conformation. Les variations de taille et de conformation ainsi identifiées, sont quantifiées, visualisées et discutées. Le dimorphisme sexuel de l'os coxal immature est un phénomène dépendant de l'âge, se manifestant à la fois par des différences de taille et/ou de conformation.Recent developments in geometric morphometrics open new research ways in biological anthropology. Sex estimation is one of the most frequently encountered issues in forensic medecine. While in the case of adults, there are fewer studies conducted to determine immature coxal bone sex differences and the results are often contradictory. This study evaluates the degree of sexual dimorphism of immature coxal bone using geometric morphometrics. .We studied sexually dimorphic differences in the coxal using geometric morphometric analysis of 17 osteometric landmarks recorded by multislice computed tomography (MSCT), based on 3D reconstructions of 400 children of mixed origins living in the area of Toulouse, southern France, and aged from birth to 18 years. We used geometric morphometrics methodology firstly to test sexual dimorphism in size (centroid size) and shape (Procrustes residuals), and secondly to examine patterns of shape change with age (development) and size change with age (growth). Trajectories of shape (development) and size (growth) differed throughout ontogeny and between sexes. . Immature coxal bone sexual dimorphism is an age-dependent phenomenon both manifesting by size and/or shape differences

Imaging of meniscus and ligament injuries of the knee.

Magnetic resonance imaging has now an indisputable role for the diagnosis of meniscus and ligament injuries of the knee. Some technical advances have improved the diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging so that diagnoses, which may change the therapeutic approach, such as a partial tear of the anterior cruciate ligament or confirmation of unstable meniscal injuries, are now made easier. This article describes the essential about magnetic resonance imaging technique and pathological results for the menisci, collateral ligaments and damage to the central pivot of the cruciate knee ligaments

Ultrasound of the coracoclavicular ligaments in the acute phase of an acromioclavicular disjonction: Comparison of radiographic, ultrasound and MRI findings.

OBJECTIVES: Acromioclavicular joint injuries are typically diagnosed by clinical and radiographic assessment with the Rockwood classification, which is crucial for treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to describe how the ultrasound findings of acromioclavicular joint injury compare with radiography and MRI findings. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with suspected unilateral acromioclavicular joint injury after acute trauma were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients underwent digital radiography, ultrasound and 3T MRI. A modified Rockwood classification was used to evaluate the coracoclavicular ligaments. The classifications of acromioclavicular joint injuries diagnosed with radiography, ultrasound and MRI were compared. MRI was used as the gold standard. RESULTS: The agreement between the ultrasound and MRI findings was very good, with a correlation coefficient of 0.83 (95 % CI: 0.72-0.90; p < 0.0001). Ultrasound detected coracoclavicular ligament injuries with a sensitivity of 88.9 %, specificity of 90.0 %, positive predictive value of 92.3 % and negative predictive value of 85.7 %. The agreement between the ultrasound and radiography findings was poor, with a correlation coefficient of 0.69 (95 % CI: 0.51-0.82; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is an effective examination for the diagnostic work-up of lesions of the coracoclavicular ligaments in the acute phase of an acromioclavicular injury. KEY POINTS: • Ultrasound is appropriate for acute acromioclavicular trauma due to its accessibility. • Ultrasound contributes to the diagnostic work-up of acute lesions of the coracoclavicular ligaments. • Ultrasound is appropriate in patients likely to benefit from surgical treatment. • Ultrasound could be a supplement to standard radiography in acute acromioclavicular trauma

Ultrasonography study of the suprascapular nerve

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the assessability of the suprascapular nerve (SSN) by ultrasonography in cadavers and healthy volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With ultrasonography guidance, needles were placed at origin of the SSN of four cadavers and evaluated by dissection. Two blinded radiologists performed 60 ultrasonography scans in 30 healthy volunteers to study the entire SSN at five anatomical landmarks. RESULTS: Dissection revealed that the needles were correctly located at the nerve's origin. There were no significant differences between the two radiologists' measurements of nerve size and depth. The interobserver correlation for the description of the nerve at the five predefined anatomical landmarks was very good (ICC=0.7-1). CONCLUSION: Five anatomical landmarks were used to analyze the SSN with ultrasonography. Its supraclavicular portion was easier to describe than its scapular portion; a segment of the SSN was not visible between these two portions

Bone abnormalities of the knee: MRI features

The knee is one of the most studied anatomical structures by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Bone abnormalities are very frequently detected, whether or not related to the symptoms for which imaging was indicated. The aim of this pictorial study is to review the most commonly observed bone abnormalities of the knee, bearing in mind that the interpretation of MR images should always take into consideration both clinical and laboratory data, as well as the results of conventional X-ray imaging

Diagnostic value of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in occult scaphoid and wrist fractures

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the diagnostic value of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for scaphoid and wrist fractures that are missed on standard radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2014 and October 2015, we prospectively enrolled 49 patients with a clinically suspected scaphoid fracture following an acute injury but had normal radiographs. Each patients underwent radiographs, CBCT and (magnetic resonance imaging) MRI within 7days of the initial injury event. Both exam were evaluated independently by two radiologists. RESULTS: For scaphoid cortical fractures CBCT sensitivity is 100% (95% CI: 75%-100%), specificity 97% (95% CI: 83%-100%). CBCT diagnosed all 24 corticals wrist fractures, corresponding to a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 83%-100%), specificity of 95% (95% CI: 75%-100%). Kappa agreement rate between the two radiologists was K=0.95 (95% CI: 0.85-1) for scaphoid fractures and K=0.87 (95% CI: 0.73-1) for wrist fractures. CONCLUSIONS: CBCT is superior to radiographs for diagnosing occult cortical fractures. Because of its low radiation dose, we believe that CBCT can be used in current practice as a replacement or supplement to radiographs to detect these fractures and optimize the cost-effectiveness ratio by limiting the number of needless immobilizations

Anterolateral ligament injuries in knees with an anterior cruciate ligament tear: Contribution of ultrasonography and MRI

OBJECTIVES: To describe the pathological appearance of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) on US and MRI in knees with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. METHODS: This prospective study included 30 patients who had a suspected acute ACL tear. Their injured and contralateral knees were evaluated with radiography, US and MRI. Two radiologists evaluated the ALL on the MRI and US examinations. Agreement between these examiners' findings was evaluated with Cohen's kappa. RESULTS: On US examination, the ALL was found to be injured in 63% of cases (19/30; k = 0.93). The enthesis was found to be torn in 50% of cases (15/30; k = 1), with the tear located at the tibial attachment in all instances. On the MRI exam, the ALL was found to be injured in 53% of cases (16/30; k = 0.93). The enthesis was found to be torn in 13% of cases (4/30; k = 0.76), with the tear located at the tibial attachment in all instances (k = 0.93). CONCLUSION: ALL injuries that occur with ACL tears are located at the tibial enthesis. They are often associated with bone avulsion at the enthesis and are better viewed on US

Sexual dimorphism of immature coxal bone : a multislice computed tomography study by geometric morphometrics

Les récents développements de la morphométrie géométrique ouvrent de nouvelles voies de recherche en anthropobiologie, notamment dans le cadre de l'étude du dimorphisme sexuel. Les données de la littérature concernant le dimorphisme de l'os coxal immature sont moins nombreuses que chez les individus matures, et présentent surtout des conclusions discordantes. Cette étude évalue le dimorphisme sexuel de l'os coxal immature par géométrie morphométrique à partir d'une série de 400 examens tomodensitométriques, d'enfants de la naissance à l'âge de 18 ans. Cette méthode par l'extraction de la taille centroide permet l'étude du dimorphisme sexuel de taille et par l'étude des résidus Procrustes l'étude du dimorphisme sexuel de conformation. Les variations de taille et de conformation ainsi identifiées, sont quantifiées, visualisées et discutées. Le dimorphisme sexuel de l'os coxal immature est un phénomène dépendant de l'âge, se manifestant à la fois par des différences de taille et/ou de conformation.Recent developments in geometric morphometrics open new research ways in biological anthropology. Sex estimation is one of the most frequently encountered issues in forensic medecine. While in the case of adults, there are fewer studies conducted to determine immature coxal bone sex differences and the results are often contradictory. This study evaluates the degree of sexual dimorphism of immature coxal bone using geometric morphometrics. .We studied sexually dimorphic differences in the coxal using geometric morphometric analysis of 17 osteometric landmarks recorded by multislice computed tomography (MSCT), based on 3D reconstructions of 400 children of mixed origins living in the area of Toulouse, southern France, and aged from birth to 18 years. We used geometric morphometrics methodology firstly to test sexual dimorphism in size (centroid size) and shape (Procrustes residuals), and secondly to examine patterns of shape change with age (development) and size change with age (growth). Trajectories of shape (development) and size (growth) differed throughout ontogeny and between sexes. . Immature coxal bone sexual dimorphism is an age-dependent phenomenon both manifesting by size and/or shape differences

Etude tomodensitométrique du dimorphisme sexuel de l'os coxal immature en géométrie morphométrique

Les récents développements de la morphométrie géométrique ouvrent de nouvelles voies de recherche en anthropobiologie, notamment dans le cadre de l'étude du dimorphisme sexuel. Les données de la littérature concernant le dimorphisme de l'os coxal immature sont moins nombreuses que chez les individus matures, et présentent surtout des conclusions discordantes. Cette étude évalue le degré de dimorphisme de l'os coxal immature par morphométrie géométrique, à partir d'une série de 188 examens tomodensitométriques. Les variations de taille et de conformation ainsi identifiées, sont quantifiées, visualisées et discutées. Le dimorphisme sexuel de l'os coxal immature est un phénomène dépendant de l'âge, se manifestant à la fois par des différences de taille et/ou de conformation.TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF