Water Use Efficiency Variation and Its Components in Wheat Cultivars

Genetic variations of water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat cultivar were studied in different models. These models in addition accumulating WUE; evaluate the contribution of its components. In this study, seven bread wheat cultivars were sown at four separate randomized complete block design with four replications at different moisture regimes in two growing seasons. Combined analysis of variance showed significant differences for total dry matter, WUE, relative water loss (transpiration efficiency), and initial water of flag leaves (uptake efficiency). Sardary, Sabalan and Alamut cultivars had the lowest WUE and total dry matter, but Zarrin and Shahriar were the highest values. Sardary with low uptake efficiency and Zarrin with high grain yield had the minimum and maximum transpiration efficiency. The WUE and evapotranspiration efficiency had a positive significant correlation with total dry matter and grain yield respectively. Results of path analysis showed that WUE (0.6) and total dry matter (0.31) had the highest direct effect on grain yield. Contribution of evapotranspiration efficiency (0.82) on WUE was higher than harvest index (0.30)

EVALUATION THE EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE ON COLD TOLERANCE IN BARLEY GENOTYPES

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate cold tolerance of twenty barley genotypes under field conditions an experiment was carried out with Randomized Complete Blocks Design at 3 sowing dates (October 6, November 5 and December 5) during 2011 -2012 seasons. Also, another experiment was done on the same genotypes based on Completely Randomized Design with 5 replications under greenhouse conditions. Results analysis of variance showed that significant differences between sowing dates for traits of plant height, spike per m 2 , grain per spike, 1000 KW and grain yield. First sowing date at October had higher spike per m 2 , 1000 KW, grain yield and total dry matter. There were significant differences, for total dry matter and ion leakage at 4 and 6 leaves stage. The highest and lowest ion leakages were observed at Redut/OK84817 (37.30µds/m 2 ) and Legia/CWB117-5-9-5 (21.44µds/m 2 ) genotypes, respectively. Traits of 1000 KW, total dry matter had positive significant correlations with grain yield r = 0.62 ** and r =0.74 ** , respectively. It seems that these traits could be used an indirect criteria for cold tolerance evaluation. At regression analysis with stepwise method 1000-kernel weight and harvest index remained at final model. Cluster analysis with all traits showed that genotypes of 12, 16, 4, 3, 17, 8, 15, 7, 14, 20, 11 and 9 were superior genotypes. At principal component analysis four first components showed 80.9% from total variation. First component was important at improving grain yield and third components named as a grain yield components

The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on the Acute Pain After Cardiothoracic Surgeries: A Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction: Acute post-operative pain remains a troublesome complication of cardiothoracic surgeries. Several randomized controlled trials have examined the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as a single or as an adjuvant agent before, during and after surgery. However, no evidence-based conclusion has been reached regarding the advantages of dexmedetomidine over the other analgesics. Objective: To review the effect of dexmedetomidine on acute post-thoracotomy/sternotomy pain. Methods: Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were used to search for randomized controlled trials that investigated the analgesia effect of dexmedetomidine on post-thoracotomy/sternotomy pain in adults' patients. The outcomes were postoperative pain intensity or incidence, postoperative analgesia duration, and the number of postoperative analgesic requirements. Results: From 1789 citations, 12 trials including 804 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Most studies showed that pain score was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group up to 24 hours after surgery. Two studies reported the significant lower postoperative analgesia requirements and one study reported the significant lower incidence of acute pain after surgery in dexmedetomidine group. Ten studies found that the total consumption of narcotics was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group. The most reported complications of dexmedetomidine were nausea/vomiting, bradycardia and hypotension. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can be used as a safe and efficient analgesic agent for reducing the postoperative pain and analgesic requirements up to 24 hours after cardiothoracic surgeries. However, further well-designed trials are needed to find the optimal dosage, route, time, and duration of dexmedetomidine administration

Wpływ stosowania dożylnej N-acetylocysteiny w zapobieganiu migotaniu przedsionków po pomostowaniu aortalno-wieńcowym: badanie z randomizacją i grupą kontrolną prowadzone metodą podwójnie ślepej próby

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most frequently occurring dysrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the prevention of AF after CABG surgery. Methods: In a double-blind, randomised controlled trial, a total of 150 patients who were scheduled for on-pump CABG surgery were randomly assigned into two groups. In group A, patients received an intravenous NAC infusion (50 mg/kg) after induction of anaesthesia. These patients additionally received two intravenous doses of NAC on postoperative days 1 and 2. Patients in group B received normal saline (as a placebo) with the same volume, during the same time interval. During the first three days after surgery, postoperative AF (POAF) was assessed by continuous electrocardiogram monitoring; serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level was also assessed before and three days after surgery. Results: During follow-up, 17 patients (17/141, 12.1%) developed POAF. POAF occurred in four (5.6%) patients in the NAC group and 13 (18.8%) patients in the placebo group (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.08–0.82; p = 0.02). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the only predictor of AF after CABG surgery was the use of NAC (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.06–0.73; p = 0.01). Also, the hsCRP level trend in the NAC group was different from the trend in the control group (group time interaction or interaction effect) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: It seems that perioperative intravenous NAC therapy can be effectively used to reduce inflammation and the incidence of POAF after CABG surgery. The clinical trial registration number: IRCT2015040921669N1Wstęp: Migotanie przedsionków (AF) jest jednym z najczęstszych zaburzeń rytmu u chorych po zabiegu pomostowania aortalno-wieńcowego (CABG). Cel: Badanie przeprowadzono w celu oceny wpływu stosowania N-acetylocysteiny (NAC) w postaci dożylnej na zapobieganie AF po zabiegu CABG. Metody: W badaniu z randomizacją i grupą kontrolną przeprowadzonym metodą podwójnie ślepej próby 150 chorych zakwalifikowanych do zabiegu CABG z wykorzystaniem krążenia pozaustrojowego (on-pump) przydzielano losowo do jednej z dwóch grup. W grupie A po indukcji znieczulenia podawano chorym NAC w infuzji dożylnej (50 mg/kg). Chorzy z tej grupy otrzymywali dwie dodatkowe dawki dożylne NAC w 1. i 2. dniu po zabiegu. Pacjentom z grupy B podawano roztwór soli fizjologicznej (jako placebo) w takiej samej objętości i w takich samych odstępach czasowych. Przez pierwsze 3 dni po zabiegu stosowano ciągłe monitorowanie elektrokardiograficzne w celu wykrycia ewentualnych epizodów pooperacyjnego AF (POAF). Ponadto przed zabiegiem i 3 dni po nim oznaczono stężenie białka C-reaktywnego metodą wysokoczułą (hsCRP). Wyniki: W okresie obserwacji POAF wystąpiło u 17 chorych (17/141; 12,1%). Pooperacyjne AF wykryto u 4 chorych z grupy NAC (5,6%) i u 13 pacjentów z grupy placebo (18,8%); (OR 0,23; 95% CI 0,08–0,82; p = 0,02). W wieloczynnikowej analizie regresji logistycznej jedynym parametrem predykcyjnym AF po zabiegu CABG było stosowanie NAC (OR 0,21; 95% CI 0,06–0,73; p = 0,01). Stwierdzono również różnicę w zakresie trendu stężeń hsCRP między grupą NAC a grupą kontrolną (interakcja czasowa lub efekt interakcji) (p < 0,001). Wnioski: Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że podawanie NAC w postaci dożylnej w okresie okołooperacyjnym może być skuteczne w ograniczaniu stanu zapalnego i zmniejszaniu częstości POAF po CABG. Numer rejestracyjny badania klinicznego: IRCT2015040921669N1