MASSA ESOFÁGICA EM CÁRDIA DE UM CÃO

The digestive system is responsible for breaking food into smaller pieces to generate energy, growth, and cell renewal. It consists of a digestive tube formed by mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestinal loops, rectum, and anus, as well as attached organs. The esophagus continues the alimentary canal from the pharynx to the stomach. Esophageal cancer in dogs and cats is rare, accounting for less than 0.5% of all tumors in these species. The major risk factor for esophageal tumors in dogs is related to endemic areas of the nematode Spirocerca lupi that parasitizes the dog. This work presents the case of a 10-month-old Pit Bull dog that was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital Prof. Mário Dias Teixeira with a history of apathy, cough, choking, and allotriophagia. Hemogram, serum biochemistry tests, PCR, radiography, ultrasonography, and upper digestive endoscopy were requested. The hematological exams indicated systemic alterations and the imaging exams presented alterations in the gastrointestinal tract, while the endoscopic exam showed the presence of a mass in the ventral region of the esophageal mucosa.O sistema digestório é responsável pela quebra dos alimentos em menores partes, a fim de gerar energia, crescimento e renovação celular. É constituído de um tubo digestivo formado por boca, esôfago, estômago, alças intestinais, reto e ânus; além dos órgãos anexos. O esôfago dá continuidade ao canal alimentar da faringe ao estômago. O câncer de esôfago, em cães e gatos, ocorre raramente, representando cerca de menos de 0,5% de todos os tumores nessas espécies. O maior fator de risco para os tumores esofágicos em cães está relacionado com as áreas endêmicas do nematódeo Spirocerca lupi, que parasita o cão. Diante do exposto, neste trabalho, relata-se o caso de um cão da raça Pit Bull, com dez meses de idade, que deu entrada no Hospital Veterinário Prof. Mário Dias Teixeira com histórico de apatia, tosse, engasgo e alotriofagia. Foram solicitados exames de hemograma, bioquímica sérica, PCR, radiografia, ultrassonografia e endoscopia digestiva alta. Os exames hematológicos indicaram alterações sistêmicas e os exames de imagem apontaram alterações no trato gastrointestinal, sendo que o exame endoscópico apontou a presença de uma massa em região ventral da mucosa esofágica

Análise da expressão e do padrão de metilação dos genes p15INK4B E p16INK4A e seus reguladores BMI-1, MYC E TBX2 em tumores mamários caninos.

Ministério da Educação, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Pará e Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico.O câncer é uma doença complexa decorrente do acúmulo de alterações genéticas e epigenéticas no controle e na atividade de vários genes, em especial aqueles envolvidos nos processos de diferenciação e crescimento levando a uma proliferação celular anormal. Esta doença entre os animais de companhia, principalmente os caninos, vem crescendo ao longo dos anos. A neoplasia mais freqüente nas fêmeas caninas é a de mama, sendo responsável por 50% de todas as neoplasias que acometem esses animais. Dentre os genes comumente alterados, estão os reguladores do ciclo celular. Várias famílias de genes sofrem alteração, dentre elas, a família CKI, da qual fazem parte pl5INK4b e pl6INK4a. Sabe-se que a expressão destes dois genes é regulada negativamente pelos produtos proteicos dos genes BMI-1, MYC e TBX2, sendo que alterações nestes podem levar, então, ao câncer. Dessa forma, o objetivo do nosso trabalho, foi avaliar o padrão de metilação e expressão dos cinco genes supracitados em tumores mamários caninos de cadelas da região de Belém, Pará. Oitenta e cinco amostras de tecido neoplásico e não-neoplásico, provenientes de 40 animais, foram coletadas no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Para a análise do padrão de metilação, após a extração de DNA, as amostras foram convertidas por ação do bissulfito de sódio e submetidas à técnica de Bissulfite sequence PCR para detecção das possíveis áreas metiladas. Para a análise da expressão de RNA, foi feita a conversão a cDNA e posterior quantificação dos transcritos usando a técnica de PCR quantitativa. A emissão da fluorescência foi captada com o auxílio do ABI PRISM 7500 Sequence Detection System. BMI-1, MYC e pl6INK4a não apresentaram alteração no padrão de metilação nem na expressão. TBX2 apresentou uma leve diminuição nos dados de expressão, enquanto que pl5INK4b apresentou um aumento, porém, em ambos os casos, tais alterações não apresentaram correlações estatisticamente significativas com os dados clinicopatológicos analisados. Dessa forma, os genes MYC, BMI-1 e pl6INK4a parecem não ser essenciais para o desencadeamento do câncer de mama em caninos, sugerindo que pl5INK4b e TBX2 podem ser regulados por outros mecanismos genéticos e epigenéticos, necessitando de mais estudos para confirmação.Câncer is a complex disease resulting from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in control and in the activity of several genes, especially those involved in the differentiation and growth processes leading to abnormal cell proliferation. This disease among pets, especially dogs, has been growing over the years. The most common câncer in female dogs is the breast, accounting for 50% of ali cancers that affect these animais. Among the commonly altered genes, are regulators of the cell cycle. Several families of genes undergo change, among them the CKI family, which includes pl5INK4b and pl6INK4a. It is known that the expression of these two genes is negatively regulated by protein products of genes BMI-1, MYC and TXB2, and these changes may lead then to câncer. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the pattern of methylation and expression of above five genes in canine mammary tumors in dogs from the Belém, Pará. Eighty-five samples of tumor tissue and non-neoplastic, from 40 animais were collected at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. For the methylation pattern analysis, after DNA extraction, samples were converted by action of sodium bisulfite and subjected to sequence PCR Bissulfite technique for the detection of methylated possible areas. For the analysis of RNA expression, conversion to cDNA was taken and subsequent quantification of the transcripts using quantitative PCR. The emission of fluorescence was captured with the help of the ABI PRISM 7500 Sequence Detection System. BMI-1, MYC and pl6INK4a showed no change in methylation pattern or the expression. TXB2 showed a slight decrease in expression data, while pl5INK4b showed an increase, however, in both cases, these changes were not statistically significant correlations with clinicopathological data analyzed. Thus, genes MYC, BMI-1 and pl6INK4a do not seem to be essential for triggering breast câncer in canines, suggesting that pl5INK4b and TXB2 may be regulated by other genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, requiring further study for confirmation

Canine transmissible venereal tumor - From general to molecular characteristics: a review

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CapesUniversidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular. Belém, PA, Brazil / Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular. Belém, PA, Brazil / Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Citogenômica e Mutagênese Ambiental. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilCancer is a group of complex diseases resulting from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes affecting control and activity of several genes, especially those involved in cell differentiation and growth processes, leading to an abnormal proliferation. When the disease reaches an advanced stage, cancer can lead to metastasis in other organs. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that some types of cancer spread not only through the body, but also can be transmitted among individuals. Therefore, these cancers are known as transmissible tumors. Among the three types of transmissible tumors that occur in nature, the canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is known as the oldest cancer in the world, since it was originated from a single individual 11 000 years ago. The disease has a worldwide distribution, and its occurrence has been documented since 1810. The CTVT presents three types of cytomorphological classification: lymphocytoid type, mixed type, and plasmacytoid type, the latter being chemoresistant due to overexpression of the ABCB1 gene, and consequently increase of the P-glycoprotein. More knowledge about the epidemiology and evolution of CTVT may help to elucidate the pathway and form of the global spread of the disease

Expression pattern of Cdkn2b and its regulators in canine mammary tumors

Federal University of Pará. Biological Science Institute. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil / Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará. Biological Science Institute. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Oncology Research Center. Belem, PA, Brazil.Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Health and Animal Production Institute. Animal Pathology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Health and Animal Production Institute. Animal Pathology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ophir Loyola Hospital. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil / Federal University of Pará. Molecular Biology and Human Cytogenetics Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Biological Science Institute. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Biological Science Institute. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Background/Aim: In female dogs, mammary cancer is the most frequent cancer type, accounting for 50% of all tumors affecting these animals. Amongst the commonly altered genes in cancer is the cell-cycle regulator cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (Cdkn2b), whose expression is negatively regulated by protein products of BMI1 proto-oncogene (Bmi1), MYC proto-oncogene (Myc) and T-box gene transcription factor 2 (Tbx2) genes. Considering this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression pattern of the Cdkn2b gene and these regulators in canine mammary tumors of dogs from Northern Brazil (Belém, Pará). Material and Methods: Gene expression in samples from 33 animals was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. To check the influence of methylation on gene expression, bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction was also performed. Results: All studied genes, except Cdkn2b, were found at increased expression levels in tumor tissue when compared with control samples. No correlation between expression and methylation data was observed. Conclusion: Our results suggest these markers may have a diagnostic value in the veterinary clinic

An update on the epigenetics of glioblastomas

Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Human Cytogenetics Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Molecular Biology Laboratory. Belém, PA, Brazil.Glioblastomas, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are the most aggressive and malignant type of primary brain tumor in adults, exhibiting notable variability at the histopathological, genetic and epigenetic levels. Recently, epigenetic alterations have emerged as a common hallmark of many tumors, including GBM. Considering that a deeper understanding of the epigenetic modifications that occur in GBM may increase the knowledge regarding the tumorigenesis, progression and recurrence of this disease, in this review we discuss the recent major advances in GBM epigenetics research involving histone modification, glioblastoma stem cells, DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs expression, including their main alterations and the use of epigenetic therapy as a valid option for GBM treatment