Histopathologic Changes and Cellular Events of Organs Systems in COVID-19

Background: Understand more about histopathological events of COVID-19 helps to choose more proper management strategies and treatments. There are several ways to histopathologic evaluations; including, tissue sampling of different organs in living people as biopsies or search for these data in tissues of dead people as autopsies or necropsies, that in this comprehensive review we tried to evaluate histopathologic concordance between findings of various tissue samplings of different sites which may work as a mirror of each other especially mucocutaneous findings may indicative of similar events of other parts. Method: Based on main key words, we searched databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Medscape and CEBD coronavirus dermatology resource of Nottingham University and included the most relevant and well-designed studies with higher level of evidences and higher sample size. Result: In this study, selected pathological samples from different tissues including skin and mucosa, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys were studied and summarized in patients with COVID-19. Pathological findings in these patients were included by organ and listed in order of prevalence. Conclusion: Tissue sampling in patients with COVID-19 may be helpful in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease as much as possible. Although most of these samples are taken after patients die, sampling before the more advanced stages of the disease could also show signs of tissue involvement before full systemic symptoms appear. &nbsp

Association between metabolic syndrome and prevalent skin diseases : A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors would like to express their gratitude to the authorities ofRasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research DevelopmentCenter (RCRDC) for their technical and editorial assistance.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation Based on Cystatin C Formulas among Neonates

Background: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best indicator to assess renal function; however, it is difficult to perform it, especially in neonates. Serum creatinine is the most commonly used marker of GFR; nevertheless, it has some limitations since it can be affected by factors other than renal function. Cystatin C, another endogenous marker used to estimate GFR, is not affected by non-renal factors. The results of some studies suggest that serum cystatin C levels are more accurate tests of kidney function than serum creatinine levels. This study aimed to estimate GFR with cystatin C-based formulas among neonates and determine the correlations between these methods and the Schwartz formula. Methods: The population of this research consisted of 99 neonates whose serum creatinine and cystatin C levels were measured concurrently. Moreover, the glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the Schwartz formula and 14 cystatin C-based formulas separately. Results: Based on the findings, all GFR values based on cystatin C formulas correlated significantly with each other (p 0.05). The only cystatin C formula that yielded values correlating with the Schwartz formula was CysCrEq, which used serum cystatin C and creatinine concomitantly. Conclusion: It can be concluded that since all GFR values based on cystatin C correlated significantly and cystatin Cwasindependent of non-renal factors, cystatin C reflected the real GFR more accurately than serum creatinine. Nonetheless, further studies with gold standard techniques are required to verify the usefulness of cystatin C-based formulas

Endocarditis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in a patient 9 months after COVID-19 infection recovery: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract Background Aspergillus spp. are among the fungal pathogens that can cause life-threatening infections in patients with a history of COVID-19. Case presentation We present the case of a 58-year-old Iranian woman with post-COVID-19 Aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis complicated by numerous thromboembolisms. She underwent mitral valve replacement surgery and multiple lower extremity embolectomies and was treated with voriconazole, which led to her final recovery. Conclusions Aspergillus endocarditis should be considered in any patient with suspected endocarditis who has a history of COVID-19 infection and does not respond to routine antibiotic and antifungal therapy, as COVID-19 interferes with proper immune function, and lack of underlying cardiac conditions and immunodeficiencies does not preclude the diagnosis. Culture and histopathological evaluation of vegetations and emboli, as well as PCR, can confirm the diagnosis. Early initiation of antifungal therapy and surgical removal of infected valves and emboli can improve prognosis in patients with Aspergillus endocarditis