Kinetic description of particle interaction with a gravitational wave

The interaction of charged particles, moving in a uniform magnetic field, with a plane-polarized gravitational wave is considered using the Fokker-Planck- Kolmogorov (FPK) approach. By using a stochasticity criterion, we determine the exact locations in phase space, where resonance overlapping occurs. We investigate the diffusion of orbits around each primary resonance of order (m) by deriving general analytical expressions for an effective diffusion coeficient. A solution to the corresponding diffusion equation (Fokker-Planck equation) for the static case is found. Numerical integration of the full equations of motion and subsequent calculation of the diffusion coefficient verifies the analytical results.Comment: LaTeX file, 15 page

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, Fatty Acids Composition, and Functional Group Analysis of Heliotropium bacciferum

Heliotropium bacciferum is paramount in medicinal perspective and belongs to Boraginaceae family. The crude and numerous fractions of leaves, stem, and roots of the plant were investigated for phytochemical analysis and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Phytochemical analysis of crude and fractions of the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, and phenols. The antioxidant (free radical scavenging) activity of various extracts of the Heliotropium bacciferum was resolute against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with the avail of UV spectrophotometer at 517 nm. The stock solution (1000 mg/mL) and then several dilutions (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/mL) of the crude and fractions were prepared. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard. The plant leaves (52.59 ± 0.84 to 90.74 ± 1.00), stem (50.19 ± 0.92 to 89.42 ± 1.10), and roots extracts (49.19 ± 0.52 to 90.01 ± 1.02) divulged magnificent antioxidant activities. For the ascertainment of the fatty acid constituents a gas chromatograph hyphenated to mass spectrometer was used. The essential fatty acids for growth maintenance such as linoleic acid (65.70%), eicosadienoic acid (15.12%), oleic acid (8.72%), and palmitic acid (8.14%) were found in high percentage. The infrared spectra of all extracts of the plant were recorded by IR Prestige-21 FTIR model

Synthesis and biological evaluation of schiff bases of 4-aminophenazone as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agent

A series of schiff base derivatives of 4-aminophenazone (4APZ-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one) with different aldehydes were synthesized. The synthetic compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. The characterization of synthesized compounds was carried out by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema (CIPO) and histamine induced paw oedema (HIPO) methods were used to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of commercial sample of 4APZ and its synthesized schiff bases in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was in the order of 4APZAB > 4APZBB > 4APZCB > 4APZVn and all the test compounds exhibited considerable dose dependent inhibition of the paw oedema. The effect of the compounds on membrane stabilization was also determined which showed that compounds 4APZ (120 and 240 mg/kg doses), 4APZAB (160 mg/kg) and 4APZVn (600 mg/kg) produced highly significant inhibition (P  4APZBB > 4APZVn > 4APZCB. Moreover, phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time (PIST) in mice was also studied but only 600 mg/kg of 4APZVn significantly increased the duration of induced sleep which also suggested its sedative property. Brewer’s yeast was used to induce fever in rabbits and analysed the compounds for their antipyretic activity. Different doses of 4APZ for different time durations (240 mg/kg-after 1 h, 120 and 240 mg/kg doses-after 2 h) produced highly significant (P < 0.001) inhibition of hyperpyrexia. Other compounds showed good antipyretic activity after 2, 3 and 4 h