Rastreio de Câncer de Colo de Útero pelo DNA do HPV

Objetivo: Elucidar as atuais estratégias de prevenção do câncer de colo do útero e seus desafios, com maior enfoque no teste de DNA-HPV para rastreamento e estratificação de risco. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se uma busca no PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo e Bireme/LILACS, utilizando os descritores ("screening for cervical cancer" AND "HPV DNA") pesquisados no MeSH e no DeCS. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e com a exclusão de artigos duplicados ou não disponíveis para acesso, restringiu-se para um total de 22 artigos.  Resultados/ Discussão: Clinicamente, a triagem de neoplasia cervical de baixo grau por teste de HPV tem sido documentada como mais sensível para detectar lesões cervicais pré-cancerosas subjacentes por meios histológicos do que por análises repetitivas de citologia líquida. Os testes de HPV são bioquímicos e padronizados, enquanto a citologia é subjetiva e requer identificação visual. Conclusão: O avanço, no método de rastreio, dar-se-á por meio do teste de DNA-HPV. Tornando-se uma das principais medidas de saúde pública necessárias, em prol da prevenção do câncer de colo de útero.&nbsp

Interferência da Amiodarona no metabolismo dos hormônios tireoidianos

Objetivo: Verificar as possíveis causas de tireoidopatia associada à amiodarona. Revisão bibliográfica: A grande quantidade de iodo na sua composição, inibição das deiodinases, bloqueio da captação dos hormônios tireoidianos, citotoxicidade e a redução da conexão da triiodotironina (T3) ao receptor são as principais alterações descritas causada pela amiodarona. Os estudos selecionados sugerem que a amiodarona tem um potencial inibidor das atividades enzimáticas deiodinases do tipo 1 e 2, dificultando a entrada de hormônios tireoidianos nos tecidos por antagonismo. Este incremento de iodo liberado pelo fármaco inibe a síntese e secreção dos hormônios tireoidianos, proporcionando adaptação à sobrecarga no hipotireoidismo. O hipertireoidismo induzido pela amiodarona divide-se em tipo I, sendo um efeito da produção e liberação excessiva de hormônios tireoidianos induzidos pelo alto teor de iodo, exacerbando a autoimunidade. No tipo II o excesso de hormônio é resultado de uma tireoidite destrutiva, com um processo de liberação de hormônios pré-formados do colóide. Considerações finais: Disfunções tireoidianas podem ocorrer pelo elevado potencial da amiodarona em modular a homeostase de iodo. Deve-se realizar dosagens frequentes de TSH, T4L e anticorpos antitireoidianos, avaliando a função tireoidiana periodicamente, sendo importante avaliar a suspensão deste medicamento, tendo em vista a adaptação cardioendócrina

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data