Reduced Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acid Levels and the Advent of an Acute Lung Injury in Mice after Intravenous or Enteral Oleic Acid Administration

Although exerting valuable functions in living organisms, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) can be toxic to cells. Increased blood concentration of oleic acid (OLA) and other fatty acids is detected in many pathological conditions. In sepsis and leptospirosis, high plasma levels of NEFA and low albumin concentrations are correlated to the disease severity. Surprisingly, 24 h after intravenous or intragastric administration of OLA, main NEFA levels (OLA inclusive) were dose dependently decreased. However, lung injury was detected in intravenously treated mice, and highest dose killed all mice. When administered by the enteral route, OLA was not toxic in any tested conditions. Results indicate that OLA has important regulatory properties on fatty acid metabolism, possibly lowering circulating fatty acid through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The significant reduction in blood NEFA levels detected after OLA enteral administration can contribute to the already known health benefits brought about by unsaturated-fatty-acid-enriched diets

Reduced Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acid Levels and the Advent of an Acute Lung Injury in Mice after Intravenous or Enteral Oleic Acid Administration

Although exerting valuable functions in living organisms, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) can be toxic to cells. Increased blood concentration of oleic acid (OLA) and other fatty acids is detected in many pathological conditions. In sepsis and leptospirosis, high plasma levels of NEFA and low albumin concentrations are correlated to the disease severity. Surprisingly, 24 h after intravenous or intragastric administration of OLA, main NEFA levels (OLA inclusive) were dose dependently decreased. However, lung injury was detected in intravenously treated mice, and highest dose killed all mice. When administered by the enteral route, OLA was not toxic in any tested conditions. Results indicate that OLA has important regulatory properties on fatty acid metabolism, possibly lowering circulating fatty acid through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The significant reduction in blood NEFA levels detected after OLA enteral administration can contribute to the already known health benefits brought about by unsaturatedfatty-acid-enriched diets

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Role of Oleic Acid-Triggered Lung Injury and Inflammation

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-02-22T15:05:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cassiano_albuquerque_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2378904 bytes, checksum: 36787e7d0e6457e85ecc64b7b9ff7a1c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-02-22T15:15:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cassiano_albuquerque_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2378904 bytes, checksum: 36787e7d0e6457e85ecc64b7b9ff7a1c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-22T15:15:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cassiano_albuquerque_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 2378904 bytes, checksum: 36787e7d0e6457e85ecc64b7b9ff7a1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Medicina Interna. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Lung injury especially acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be triggered by diverse stimuli, including fatty acids and microbes. ARDS affects thousands of people worldwide each year, presenting high mortality rate and having an economic impact. One of the hallmarks of lung injury is edema formation with alveoli flooding. Animal models are used to study lung injury. Oleic acid-induced lung injury is a widely used model resembling the human disease. The oleic acid has been linked to metabolic and inflammatory diseases; here we focus on lung injury. Firstly, we briefly discuss ARDS and secondly we address the mechanisms by which oleic acid triggers lung injury and inflammation

Role of Nonesterified Unsaturated Fatty Acids in the Pathophysiological Processes of Leptospiral Infection

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-12-04T14:28:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoCastro_FariaNeto_etal_IOC_2005.pdf: 549151 bytes, checksum: cbe4c7fd435fe851abcc1651bd9ed8b1 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-12-04T14:56:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoCastro_FariaNeto_etal_IOC_2005.pdf: 549151 bytes, checksum: cbe4c7fd435fe851abcc1651bd9ed8b1 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-04T14:56:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoCastro_FariaNeto_etal_IOC_2005.pdf: 549151 bytes, checksum: cbe4c7fd435fe851abcc1651bd9ed8b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Laboratório Integrado de Nefrologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Organ malfunctions in patients with leptospirosis have been associated with the bacterial glycolipoprotein endotoxin and with its nonesterified unsaturated fatty acid (NEUFA) components. We examined the involvement of NEUFAs in the pathophysiological processes of leptospirosis. Patients showed a moderate increase in serum concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids but an important decrease in serum concentrations of albumin. A highly significant correlation between serum concentrations of creatinine or total bilirubin and the oleic-plus-linoleic acid : albumin ratio was revealed. We used the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibitory property of NEUFAs to test the capacity of serum to prevent the cytotoxic effects of NEUFAs in vitro. Albumin solutions and serum samples from healthy volunteers, but not serum samples from severely affected patients, were able to revert the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibition by oleic acid. On the basis of these data, we defined a "serum protection factor" that can be helpful in predicting NEUFA toxicity. Our data support the concept that the administration of human albumin to patients may be helpful in severe leptospirosis cases

Development of a simple and low-cost enzymatic methodology for quantitative analysis of carbamates in meat samples of forensic interest

5 p. : il.Foods contaminated with a granulated material similar to Temik (a commercial pesticide formulation containing the carbamate insecticide aldicarb) are often involved in accidental ingestion, suicides, and homicides in Brazil. We developed a simple technique to detect aldicarb. This technique is based on the inhibition of a stable preparation of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, and it is specially adapted for forensic purposes. It comprises an initial extraction step with the solvent methylene chloride followed by a colorimetric acetylcholinesterase assay. We propose that results of testing contaminated forensic samples be expressed in aldicarb equivalents because, even though all other carbamates are also potent enzyme inhibitors, aldicarb is the contaminant most frequently found in forensic samples. This method is rapid (several samples can be run in a period of 2 h) and low cost. This method also proved to be precise and accurate, detecting concentrations as low as 40 lg ⁄ kg of aldicarb in meat sample