A preliminary study on the effects of radiation exposure on chondrocytes:: Sulphated Glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content using cellular model

Radiation is known to be harmful to human health. However, the effect of radiation at cellular level has yet to be established. This study evaluated the possible effects of radiation on monolayer cultured chondrocytes. Rabbit’s chondrocytes were isolated, serially cultured and divided into two groups; (1) non-irradiated and (2) irradiated. Group 2 cells were subjected to irradiation after it reaches 80-90% confluency. Both groups 1 and 2 cells were taken out from the incubator, placed into a temperature-controlled container and were transported to a typical X-ray examination room. After irradiating group 2, both cell groups were returned into the incubator. Both groups were evaluated using morphological evaluation and sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) production at passages 0, 1, 2, and 3. All groups exhibited comparable morphological appearances throughout the passages. Both cell groups experienced gradual changes from chondrocytic to fibroblastic morphology. The non-irradiated group showed a decreasing trend of sGAG concentration after each successive passage. It is suggestive that when the optimum proliferating conditions of these cells were manipulated, stress was induced in the cells. Meanwhile, the irradiated group showed an increasing trend in relative sGAG concentration after each passage. This particular phenomenon is unexpected in view of the known harmful nature associated with radiation. This study suggested that the introduction of radiation exposure could have certain effects on the cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) production. It is postulated that the induced radiation created a yet to be explained situation, where the cells tend to recover, regenerate and secrete extracellular matrix. Basically, this finding warrants further evaluation where gene expression and histological analysis will be conducted. The limitation of study includes the number of samples used (n=2). Future work involving more samples and subjecting the cells to irradiation up to passage 5 will be conducted. Keywords: Glycosaminoglycan; cartilage; chondrocyte; radiation; X-ray; cellular mode

Effects of ionizing radiation on chondrocytes growth: work in progress

Purpose: To evaluate the possible effects of ionizing radiation on cellular morphology and growth kinetics of monolayer cultured chondrocytes. Methods: Following research approval (IIUM/IACUC Approval/2015/[5][24]), rabbit’s articular cartilage cells were isolated, cultured and divided into three groups; (1) control, (2) irradiated and (3) non-irradiated. Group 2 cells were subjected to irradiation after it reaches 80-90% confluency. While the control group was left in the incubator, groups 2 and 3 were taken out and put into a temperature-controlled container. They were transported to a typical X-ray examination room, some distance away from the incubator. After irradiating Group 2, both cells groups were returned into the incubator. The X-ray imaging parameters and the collimation used were recorded. Group 2 cells were subjected to irradiation at each different passage, from P0 till P3. Morphological observation and growth kinetics assessments were conducted on all groups after each passage. Results: There are no differences in terms of cellular morphology in all groups throughout passages. The viability of all groups ranged from 94.1-98.6%. All groups showed reduction in growth rate after several passages. The non-irradiated group exhibited higher total cell yield than the other groups. The performance of growth kinetics of all groups can be appreciated as follows; non-irradiated group > irradiated > control. Conclusion: Ionizing radiation may have certain effects on the growth of chondrocytes

A review on radiation effects towards cell culture

Effects of radiation on tissues and organs are well documented. However recently, radiation was used as an evaluation tool to assess newly formed engineered tissue reconstruction and regeneration. This raises questions on the positive application of radiation, amidst the usual discussions pertaining to the risks of radiation. Furthermore, the effects of radiation have yet to be established in primary cell culture. The objective of this review is to identify and evaluate previous works that examined the possible effects of radiation on cells. Emphasis is placed upon the effects of radiation on primary cell cultures in tissue engineering (TE). The SCOPUS databases were searched for articles published from 2001 to 2016. “Radiation” and “cell culture” were used as search terms either in the title, abstract or keywords of the articles. Thematic analysis was performed on the 5031 retrieved articles. Filtering for “radiation effects” in the title, 4139 articles were identified. Within these results the key search term was further narrowed down to “tissue engineering area”. 1164 articles were identified which were then subjected to key search term within “primary cell culture”. A total of 334 articles were abridged that were subjected to further thematic classifications. Within these classifications, 291 articles were summarized to fulfil the objectives of the review. The results show a certain trend towards the incompatible effect of radiation on primary cell culture. Work is in progress in filtering the keywords further to narrow the scope to radiation effects on chondrocytes in the title, abstract or keywords of the articles. This review will present the possible effects of radiation on primary cell culture. It is hoped that this review will be able to outline the current knowledge on the effects of radiation on primary cell cultures and to improve the understanding of those effects on cells in general. KEYWORDS: Radiation, Primary Cell Culture, Growth, Radiation Effects, Revie

Perception, knowledge and awareness towards the attitude on organ donation among staffs of UiTM Cawangan Kelantan / Annur Liyana Mohd Kemari, Nur Ain Hidayah Zainuddin and Nurul Farhana Mohd Asri

Organ donation is an act of people give or transplant their organs sincerely and not based on monetary value. However, the previous studies show that Malaysia is one of the countries which has a lower rate of organ and tissue donation compared to other countries in the world. Based on previous studies, negative perception, poor knowledge and lack of awareness are the reasons for the problem occurred. Hence, this study focuses on identifying the significant and direct effect of perception, knowledge and awareness towards the attitude on organ donation. Not only that, this study identifies the significant difference in mean of attitude between different levels of demographic factors involving gender, marital status, income and highest educational level. This study applied a cross-sectional study on 249 staffs consisting academic and non-academic staffs in UiTM Cawangan Kelantan and the sample were chosen by using Simple Random Sampling. This study recorded 100.00% of response rate. In order to collect the data, self-administered questionnaire was used. The statistical analysis that have been applied to achieve the objectives were Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Independent t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which both were analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 and AMOS version 23 respectively. In conclusion, only perception has a significant and direct effect towards the attitude on organ donation. However, knowledge and awareness showed no significant and direct effect towards the attitude on organ donation. This study also concluded that there is no significant difference in mean of attitude between gender. Not only that, this study also found that there was a significant difference in mean of attitude between levels of income while the other variables (marital status, highest educational level) do not show any significant difference in mean of attitude among different levels. This study suggested some modifications such as conducting the study on large population and include new variables that may has possibility affect the attitude towards organ donation for further studies. This study also suggested several ways to build positive perception thus increase positive attitude by doing campaign, teach and encourage children about organ donation and give talk on the importance of donating orga

SOCIALIZATION OF PHASE C INDONESIAN STUDENT FITNESS TEST (TES KEBUGARAN SISWA INDONESIA / TKSI)

Student's physical fitness is one of the important things in supporting the implementation of learning at school. This Community Service is an outreach activity about the Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI), which is still something new, so many Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) teachers do not yet understand it. Apart from socializing about TKSI, another aim is to determine the fitness level of elementary school (SD) students in grades 5 and 6. The method used is to explain how TKSI is implemented and demonstrate its implementation. The result of this service is that the average student's fitness is in the good category

Exploring the feasibility in using medical computerized tomography to monitorgrowth progression in tissue engineered construct prepared from cells seeded on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) based scaffolds.

This study attempted to examine the feasibility of using medical Computerized Tomography (CT) imaging scanner to monitor the growth of tissue engineered constructs (TECs) in vitro. A preliminary CT examination was performed on TECs prepared from serially expanded chondrocytes seeded on poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based scaffolds that acted as cell carriers. One day old PLGA with fibrin and cells (PFC), PLGA and cells (PC) as well as PLGA with Fibrin (PF) constructs were stored in normal saline prior to CT examination. The kVp used was 80 Kvpwhile the effective mAs was 11 mAs. Sharp kernel was chosen as the reconstruction parameters and slice thickness used was 0.1mm.A PLGA without cells or fibrin was used as control. X-ray attenuation of TECs, measured in Hounsfield units (HU) or, also known as CT values were observed. The results indicated that the control PLGA, the PFC, the PC and also the PF constructs gave CT values between -665HU to 477HU, between 149HU to 181HU, between -120HU to 263HU and -209HU to 185HU respectively. These initial results indicate that the x-ray absorption-based quantitative differentiation between TECs could be appreciated. The CT values documented suggest that the differences in attenuation values are dependent on the condition of the scaffolds or the TECs themselves. Furthermore, the use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) software installed in the CT system was found to be useful in appreciating the different compositions within the scanned samples. It is hoped that the outcomes of this preliminary study can serve as a baseline for future research to look for an alternative method to quantitatively monitor the growth of TECs in vitro as well as in vivo

Tahap Kemahiran “Employability” Banduan Pra Bebas Di Kompleks Penjara Kluang, Johor

Penyelidikan ini bertujuan melihat tahap kemahiran “employability” banduan pra bebas di Kompleks Penjara Kluang, Johor. Kemahiran yang dikaji ialah kemahiran bertanggungjawab, kemahiran bersikap positif, kemahiran membuat penyesuaian dan kemahiran bekerja dengan orang lain. Responden kajian seramai 40 orang terlibat dalam penyelidikan ini. Mereka terdiri daripada banduan pra bebas di Kompleks Penjara Kluang Johor. Data dikumpul dengan menggunakan instrument soal selidik dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian “ Statistical Package For the Social Sciences” (SPSS 15.0). Kajian rintis telah dijalankan di kalangan 10 orang banduan pra bebas di Penjara Simpang Rengam Johor. Darjah kebolehpercayaan bagi instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah ? = 0.679. Analisis data dilakukan secara frekuensi, peratus dan min. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap ‘employability’ para banduan pra bebas di Kompleks Penjara Kluang ini berada pada tahap yang tinggi. Kemahiran tertinggi yang dicatatkan adalah kemahiran membuat penyesuaian, diikuti dengan kemahiran bersikap positif, diikuti pula dengan kemahiran bekerja dengan orang lain dan yang akhir sekali ialah kemahiran bertanggungjawab. Ini menunjukkan bahawa banduan pra bebas mempunyai kemahiran ’employability’ yang tinggi setelah menjalani latihan vokasional sepanjang menjalani hukuman di penjara

A review on radiation effects towards cell culture

Effects of radiation on tissues and organs are well documented. However recently, radiation was used as an evaluation tool to assess newly formed engineered tissue reconstruction and regeneration. This raises questions on the positive application of radiation, amidst the usual discussions pertaining to the risks of radiation. Furthermore, the effects of radiation have yet to be established in primary cell culture. The objective of this review is to identify and evaluate previous works that examined the possible effects of radiation on cells. Emphasis is placed upon the effects of radiation on primary cell cultures in tissue engineering (TE). The SCOPUS databases were searched for articles published from 2001 to 2016. “Radiation” and “cell culture” were used as search terms either in the title, abstract or keywords of the articles. Thematic analysis was performed on the 5031 retrieved articles. Filtering for “radiation effects” in the title, 4139 articles were identified. Within these results the key search term was further narrowed down to “tissue engineering area”. 1164 articles were identified which were then subjected to key search term within “primary cell culture”. A total of 334 articles were abridged that were subjected to further thematic classifications. Within these classifications, 291 articles were summarized to fulfil the objectives of the review. The results show a certain trend towards the incompatible effect of radiation on primary cell culture. Work is in progress in filtering the keywords further to narrow the scope to radiation effects on chondrocytes in the title, abstract or keywords of the articles. This review will present the possible effects of radiation on primary cell culture. It is hoped that this review will be able to outline the current knowledge on the effects of radiation on primary cell cultures and to improve the understanding of those effects on cells in general

Feasibility Study of Electric Photovoltaic Solar Panel Set Aplication

Solar energy is a part of renewable energy sources which is it is cost-free and clean energy whereby environment impact are negligible. Photovoltaic (PV) is one of the suitable renewable energy to replace the conventional energy supplier. This project will determine the load demand by making a survey of each type of houses which are the low-cost and bungalow housing type at the urban areas based on the previous consumer electric bill. Then, the next step is to design the ‘stand-alone’ photovoltaic systems. The final result of the developed system will be a complete model design of the photovoltaic system including the performance of the proposed system, cost analysis and deployment strategy for the selected area. The economic factor for the whole system including payback period when using solar energy compared the conventional supply for the next 20 years is also given