Five year evaluation of the complications observed in porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns placed at a university hospital

Objective: To determine the frequency of complications in crowns cemented over a 5-year period in a tertiary care hospital and also to report the survival of these crowns.Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from March 2017 to March 2018 and comprised porcelain fused-to-metal crowns placed on the anterior or posterior teeth that were fabricated at the institutional laboratory and were placed in institutional dental clinics in the preceding 5 years. Porcelain-fused to-metal The crowns were clinically and radio-graphically evaluated in a duration of two months for presence/absence of complications. Factors associated with the failure of the crowns, their survival and the impact of covariates, like gender, flossing and bruxism, on the survival time were determined. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.Results: There were 150 crowns related to 107 patients who had a mean age of 45.0±11.4 years. The most common complication observed was open proximal contacts 9(6%) followed by de-cementation 8(5.3%), porcelain chipping 9(6%) and abutment fracture 2(1.3%). The 5-year survival rate of the crowns was 127(84.7%). The mean follow-up time was 57.2±1.0 months. Overall, year-wise survival of PFM crowns for one year till five years was 147 (98%), 144 (96%), 135 (90%), 130 (86%) and 119 (79%) respectively.Conclusions: The porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns had a high 5-year survival rate. Open proximal contacts represented the most common complication

Transition to periodic behaviour of flow past a circular cylinder under the action of fluidic actuation in the transitional regime

This study focuses on the numerical investigation of the underlying mechanism of transition from chaotic to periodic dynamics of circular cylinder wake under the action of time-dependent fluidic actuation at the Reynolds number = 2000. The forcing is realized by blowing and suction from the slits located at ±90° on the top and bottom surfaces of the cylinder. The inverse period-doubling cascade is the underlying physical mechanism underpinning the wake transition from mild chaos to perfectly periodic dynamics in the spanwise-independent, time-dependent forcing at twice the natural vortex-shedding frequency.This work has been financed by the Spanish and Catalan Governments under grants FIS2016-77849-R and 2017-SGR-00785, respectively. The authors also thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and Calendula accessed through grants RES-FI-2017-2-0020 and RES-FI-2017-3-0009, respectivelyPostprint (published version

Bibliometric study on the literature related to dental research and education published in Journal of Pakistan Medical Association

Objective: To analyse characteristics of literature related to dental research and education published in a single medical journal, The Journal of Pakistan Medical Association.Method: The bibliometric study was conducted at the Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University from March till May 2020, and comprised electronic and hand search of scientific literature relevant to dentistry published in the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association from the first issue published in 1953 till March 2020. The selected articles were analysed for year of publication, field of study, type of article, institute and country of first author, number of authors and citation count. Keyword mapping was also carried out. Data was analysed using SPSS 19.Results: Of the 159 articles identified, 117(73.6%) were contributed from Pakistan. The most common specialties were Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Epidemiology with 20(12.6%) articles each, followed by Operative Dentistry and Endodontics 19(11.9%). Majority of articles were Original / Research 87(54.7%). The highest number of articles were published in 2019 26(16.35%). The Aga Khan University, contributed the most publications 30(18.9%), followed by Dow University of Health Sciences, 11(6.9%). Majority of the articles were contributed by three authors 48(38.4%). The top cited article was found to have 113 citations, followed by articles with 103 and 91 citations.Conclusions: The contribution of scientific papers related to dentistry and dental education in the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association was significant. With growth of dentistry as a discipline along with a parallel increase in the publication of dental research papers, it is imperative that a dedicated indexed journal for dental research be commenced

Awareness of dentists regarding immediate management of dental avulsion : Knowledge, attitude, and practice study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge of practising dentists regarding immediate management of dental avulsion. METHODS:The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in various dental colleges and teaching hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan, in October-November 2016, and comprised dentists working in academic institutions / departments or as general dental practitioners for at least 1 year. The subjects were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. Questions related to knowledge and practice regarding immediate management of dental avulsion was asked and then responses were categorised as good knowledge, moderate and poor knowledge. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis.. RESULTS: Of the 282 subjects, 179 (63.5%) were females and 103(36.5%) were males. The overall mean age was 28. 33±4.7 years, and 194 (68.8%) had clinical experience of less than 5 years. Of the total, 30(11%) dentists had good knowledge while 130(46%) had moderate and 122(43%) had poor knowledge. Statistically significant association of knowledge regarding tooth avulsion was observed with the specialty (p= 0.006) and qualification (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of dentists regarding immediate management of avulsion injuries was inadequate. Knowledge was significantly associated with specialty and qualification of the dentist

Full mouth functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of a patient affected with hypoplastic type of amelogenesis imperfecta

The management of Amelogenesis imperfecta often poses a challenge for the dentists. It not only includes aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of the patient, but also requires a positive rapport building with the patient due to psychosocial issues. The treatment plan is driven by patient demands, age, cost-affordability, severity of the disease and the presenting condition. The present case report elucidates step by step management of a 20 year-old female who presented with generalized hypersensitivity, intermittent pain associated with multiple decayed posterior teeth, poor dental aesthetics and anterior deep bite. The management consisted of endodontic treatments in all teeth, crown lengthening to gain ferrule in some teeth, provision of provisional bridges at an increased vertical dimension for six weeks followed by full mouth all ceramic crowns on all teeth. The prosthetic management aimed at reorganized occlusal scheme. There was a significant improvement in the aesthetics, deep bite, and along with correction of the vertical dimension of occlusion

Radiographic evaluation of the margins of clinically acceptable metal-ceramic crowns

Objective: To radiographically evaluate the proximal marginal fit of the clinically acceptable metal-ceramic crowns. Methods: The prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of Aga Khan University, Karachi, from July to December 2018, and comprised metal-ceramic crowns that were evaluated prior to the cementation. Clinical examinations were conducted by seating the crown on the tooth preparation and visual assessment was done using sharp explorer along the margins. Clinically acceptable crowns were then evaluated on the bite-wing radiograph. Any horizontal or vertical inaccuracy of \u3e0.5mm at the proximal margins was recorded as \u27discrepancy\u27. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 230 interproximal margins of 115 crowns evaluated, 113(49.1%) sites had marginal discrepancies; 44(19.1%) horizontal discrepancies, 58(25.2%) vertical discrepancies, and 11(4.8%) having both horizontal and vertical discrepancies. Horizontal crown margin discrepancies were most associated with the mesial site of the maxillary crowns, while vertical discrepancies were commonly associated with the distal aspect of all crowns (p\u3c0.050). Conclusions: Almost half of the crowns that were considered clinically acceptable had some vertical or horizontal marginal discrepancy on radiographic evaluation

Barriers in surgical research: A perspective from the developing world

Research in surgery has led to significant advances over the last century in terms of how medicine is practised in and outside the operating rooms today. Surgical research in the developed countries is responsible for most of this advancement, but it is often inapplicable in resource-limited settings in the developing world. Lower- and middle-income countries are in a unique position to take this work further, but they are limited by certain barriers. These barriers could broadly be classified under social and cultural, infrastructure, financial, ethical, and personal categories. These barriers are often not fully realised, but can potentially be addressed with concerted efforts to continue the advancement of medicine for everyone

Measuring Impact of Big Five Personality Traits on Team Performance: A Case of Habib Metro Bank, Karachi

Different types of personalities in the Big Five Personality Model have an immense impact on performance of the team. Human resource supervisors must be capable to categorize person conducts as well as qualities as a result they can comprehend employees' diverse persona. Persona is a reasonably firm set of distinctiveness that manipulates a person’s behavior. This persona should to be implicit so that the organization can utilize their apparent qualities along with talents in the right work and path. Our study is about the impact of Big Five Personality Traits Model on Team Performance. It has a quantitative nature. Self-selection and non-probability convenience sampling were used to determine the sample size. When an analysis as carried out it was concluded that Extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were found to have significant as well as positive correlation with the performance of the team. Openness to experience and neuroticism was found to have insignificant correlation with the team performance. Through our research an organization’s manager will be able to the type of personality an employee possesses and how much it will affect the performance of the group as a whole. As result of conducting analyses we came to know that employees with diverse persona can perform well in a team. Keywords: Team performance, apparent qualities, Personality DOI: 10.7176/DCS/9-2-06

Association of Interleukin-8 Levels with the Development of Uterine Leiomyomas

AbstractObjective: To find out the relationship between Uterine Leiomyoma and IL-8 levels.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 100 females (age ranging from25-50 years) including 50 ultrasound confirmed cases of uterine leiomyomas and 50 healthy controlsfor a duration of 6 months. Levels of plasma IL-8 were measured by ELISA technique.Results: Irregular menstrual cycle was reported in about 44% of cases and 11% of controls. Meannumber of fibroids in females was two. 54% of women were found to have small (<2cm) sized fibroidswhile 46% had large sized fibroids. Out of these 78% were intramural and 22% were sub-serosal typeof fibroids. Plasma levels of IL-8 were positively correlated (p=0.001) with Uterine Leiomyomas.Conclusion: IL-8 levels are significantly higher in patients with uterine leiomyomas depicting apositive correlation between IL-8 and the development of fibroids. However, further studies arerequired to better understand the role of IL-8 in the development of fibroids.Keywords: Uterine Leiomyoma; IL-8, Risk Factor

Has the significance of incidental findings on unenhanced computed tomography for urolithiasis been overestimated? A retrospective review of over 800 patients

Objectives: To evaluate the detection of clinically unsuspected pathologies using 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen in patients with flank pain. The presence of significant incidental findings (those warranting immediate management) was also correlated with that of urolithiasis, to assess potential changes of management.PATIENTS AND Methods: The study included 899 patients undergoing CT in a 6-month period between June and December 2008. Patients who were referred from outside, with no medical record in the hospital where the study was conducted, and those who were lost to follow-up, were excluded. All of the CT examinations were reported after a radiology resident and a consultant radiologist with \u3e4years of experience evaluated the CT. Genitourinary and extra-genitourinary findings were assessed and divided into clinically significant or not.Results: The overall incidence of additional and incidental findings was 14%. Besides urolithiasis and obstruction there were 34 (28%) genitourinary findings and 87 (72%) extra-genitourinary findings; most of the former were insignificant. Of the extra-genitourinary findings, significant diagnoses were documented in 34 cases.CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal multidetector CT detects more incidental findings which are clinically significant