UTJECAJ PROGRAMA KRUŽNOG TRENINGA NA MIŠIĆNU SNAGU, SLIKU O SAMOM SEBI TE ANKSIOZNOST STUDENATA NISKOG STUPNJA UHRANJENOSTI

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 8-week circuit-strength training on muscle strength, body image and anxiety of anxious underweight male college students. Hence, forty underweight male college students anxious were divided into 2 groups: a strength training group (N=20) and a control group (N=20). Subjects in strength training group trained an 8-week, 3 days per week full body progressive circuit-strength training, whereas control subjects did not participate in any training activity. The anthropometrical, body composition, body image (Multidimensional Body Self- Relations Questionnaire), anxiety (Spielberger state-trait Anxiety Inventory), muscle endurance and one repetition maximum in six exercises were measured before and after an eight-week training period. The results showed that 8- week strength training elicited significant (P<0.05) increase in upper- and lower body strength as measured by 1RM as well as legs\u27 and arms\u27 muscle hypertrophy. In addition, strength training group had a significantly greater improved increase in body image (BI) and reduced social physique anxiety (SPA) then control group. This study provides support for the use of weight training to improve body image and anxiety, these may be derive from considerable physical changes results from resistance training such as significant increase in muscle endurance, strength and muscle mass.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je usporediti učinke osmotjednog kružnog trening jakosti na snagu mišića, sliku o samom sebi te na tjeskobu studenata niskog stupnja uhranjenosti muškog spola. Četrdeset studenata niskog stupnja uhranjenosti koji su bili anksiozni oko toga su podijeljeni u 2 skupine: skupina treninga jakosti (N = 20) i kontrolna skupine (N = 20). Eksperimentalna skupina je trenirala 8 tjedana, 3 dana tjedno , kružnim treningom snage koji je uključivao sve mišićne skupine. dok kontrolni ispitanici nisu sudjelovali u nikakvom tjelesnom vježbanju. Izmjerene su antropometrijske karakteristike, sastav tijela, slika o svome tijelu (Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire), anksioznost (Spielberger state-trait Anxiety Inventory), mišića izdržljivosti i jedno maksimalno ponavljanje (u šest vježbi mjereni) su prije i nakon osam tjedana. Rezultati su pokazali da je trening snage od 8 tjedana izazvao značajno povećanje (P <0,05) u snazi gornjeg i donjeg dijela tijela mjereno s 1RM. Osim toga, skupina u treningu jakosti je imala značajno poboljšanje u doživljaju slike tijela (BI-body image) i smanjenje socijalnog stupnja anksioznosti (SPA) od kontrolne skupine. Ova studija pruža dokaze u korist korištenja treninga s utezima za poboljšanje slike tijela i smanjenje tjeskobe što vjerojatno proizlazi iz osjećaja bolje tjelesne pripremljenosti i tjelesnog izgleda zbog značajnog porasta mišićne izdržljivosti, snage i mišićne mase

UTJECAJ PROGRAMA KRUŽNOG TRENINGA NA MIŠIĆNU SNAGU, SLIKU O SAMOM SEBI TE ANKSIOZNOST STUDENATA NISKOG STUPNJA UHRANJENOSTI

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 8-week circuit-strength training on muscle strength, body image and anxiety of anxious underweight male college students. Hence, forty underweight male college students anxious were divided into 2 groups: a strength training group (N=20) and a control group (N=20). Subjects in strength training group trained an 8-week, 3 days per week full body progressive circuit-strength training, whereas control subjects did not participate in any training activity. The anthropometrical, body composition, body image (Multidimensional Body Self- Relations Questionnaire), anxiety (Spielberger state-trait Anxiety Inventory), muscle endurance and one repetition maximum in six exercises were measured before and after an eight-week training period. The results showed that 8- week strength training elicited significant (P<0.05) increase in upper- and lower body strength as measured by 1RM as well as legs\u27 and arms\u27 muscle hypertrophy. In addition, strength training group had a significantly greater improved increase in body image (BI) and reduced social physique anxiety (SPA) then control group. This study provides support for the use of weight training to improve body image and anxiety, these may be derive from considerable physical changes results from resistance training such as significant increase in muscle endurance, strength and muscle mass.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je usporediti učinke osmotjednog kružnog trening jakosti na snagu mišića, sliku o samom sebi te na tjeskobu studenata niskog stupnja uhranjenosti muškog spola. Četrdeset studenata niskog stupnja uhranjenosti koji su bili anksiozni oko toga su podijeljeni u 2 skupine: skupina treninga jakosti (N = 20) i kontrolna skupine (N = 20). Eksperimentalna skupina je trenirala 8 tjedana, 3 dana tjedno , kružnim treningom snage koji je uključivao sve mišićne skupine. dok kontrolni ispitanici nisu sudjelovali u nikakvom tjelesnom vježbanju. Izmjerene su antropometrijske karakteristike, sastav tijela, slika o svome tijelu (Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire), anksioznost (Spielberger state-trait Anxiety Inventory), mišića izdržljivosti i jedno maksimalno ponavljanje (u šest vježbi mjereni) su prije i nakon osam tjedana. Rezultati su pokazali da je trening snage od 8 tjedana izazvao značajno povećanje (P <0,05) u snazi gornjeg i donjeg dijela tijela mjereno s 1RM. Osim toga, skupina u treningu jakosti je imala značajno poboljšanje u doživljaju slike tijela (BI-body image) i smanjenje socijalnog stupnja anksioznosti (SPA) od kontrolne skupine. Ova studija pruža dokaze u korist korištenja treninga s utezima za poboljšanje slike tijela i smanjenje tjeskobe što vjerojatno proizlazi iz osjećaja bolje tjelesne pripremljenosti i tjelesnog izgleda zbog značajnog porasta mišićne izdržljivosti, snage i mišićne mase

Influence of Moderate and Severe Exercise on Memory Formation and Anxiety-like Behaviors in Male Wistar Rat

Introduction: Recent researchers have showed that regular exercise induces positive effects on cognitive functions. Exercise intensity and timing of cognitive assessment may have an interactive effect on cognitive changes. Previous researches suggest that moderate intensity treadmill running has the most consistent benefit to cognitive function. In contrast, studies find positive, negative, or null effects to cognitive function after high intensity treadmill running. The primary objective of the present study was to compare the cognitive effects of intensity treadmill running protocol 1 (Low intensity), protocol 2 (Moderate intensity) and protocol 1 plus 2 (High intensity).Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=7 in each group) including: sedentary (Non-exercise), protocol 1, protocol 2, and combination of protocol 1 and 2. Step-through passive avoidance and elevated-plus maze apparatus have been used to test parameters of passive avoidance learning and anxiety-like behaviors.Results: These findings showed that combination of both protocols (Protocol 1 with protocol 2) decreased step-through latency in the passive avoidance apparatus indicating memory impairment [P&lt;0.05]. Moreover, the data revealed that different protocols for exercises did not alter %OAT [P&lt;0.001], %OAE %OAT [P&gt;0.05] and locomotor activity %OAT [P&lt;0.05] compared to control group but not others.Conclusion: High intensity exercise not only induced beneficial effect but also impaired memory formation. 

Učinci suplementacije kreatin monohidratom na oksidativno oštećenje dnk i peroksidaciju lipida izazvanu akutnim progresivnim testom opterećenja do otkaza u hrvača

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a seven-day creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation after incremental exercise to exhaustion in wrestlers. Thirty-one college-aged male wrestlers (age 19.52±2.75 years, body mass 79.24±16.13kg, height 173±6.49cm, and body fat 16.37±5.92%) volunteered to participate in this double-blind, placebo controlled study and were randomly placed into either the placebo (PL; 4×5 g•day-1 of maltodextrine powder; n=16) or the creatine monohydrate (CrM: 4×5 g•day-1 CrM, n=15) group. Prior and following the supplementation period, participants performed an incremental cycling ergometer test to exhaustion. Urine samples were collected before and after the supplementation period at before (Pre), after (Post) and 24 hours after (24h Post) the exercise tests to determine the oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation as measured by urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-Isoprostane (8-iso PGF2α). Our finding demonstrates that the urinary 8-OHdG level significantly increased at 24h Post to exhaustion by 13.36% in CrM and 24.08% in PL before supplementation (p.05). In addition, urinary 8-OHdG concentrations at 24h Post significantly decreased by 32.65% in CrM group after supplementation compared with before supplementation. After supplementation, urinary 8-OHdG concentrations were significantly lower in CrM group compared with PL at 24h Post (p0,05). Koncentracije 8-OHdG iz urina uzetog 24 sata nakon testa značajno su niže (za 32,65%) u CrM grupi nakon suplementacije u odnosu na mjerenje prije suplementacije. Nakon suplementacije, koncentracije 8-OHdG u urinu su bile statistički značajno niže u CrM grupi u usporedbi s placebo grupom 24 sata nakon testa (p<0,05). Rezultati sugeriraju da suplementacija kreatin monohidratom može smanjiti akutno oksidativno oštećenje DNK izazvano vježbanjem do otkaza u hrvača

The effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on some factors causing oxidative stress in the cardiomyocytes of mice with type II diabetes

Background and aims: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. This study aimed to compare and investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on oxidative stress as one of the key links in the development of DCM in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Forty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups of equal number (Control, T2DM, T2DM+HIIT, and T2DM+MICT). After the induction of T2DM, HIIT and MICT programs were conducted 5 days a week for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, blood and heart samples were collected for subsequent measurements. Results: T2DM significantly up-regulated the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs, P=0.001) and the expression of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX, P=0.001) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE, P=0.001) compared to controlled mice. After 8 weeks of training, HIIT and MICT programs increased the levels of insulin (P<0.001) while reducing the levels of fasting blood glucose (P<0.001, P=0.024, respectively). On the other hand, it was found that HIIT and MICT programs significantly decreased the levels of AGEs (P<0.001), expression of 15-LOX (P=0.006, P=0.019, respectively), and 4-HNE (P=0.008 and P=0.035, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that exercise training, particularly MICT, will be highly helpful in the prevention of DCM through the improvement of glucose metabolism and reduction of 15-LOX expression

Possible crosstalk between leptin and insulin resistance in sedentary obese boys at different stages of puberty

Puberty with interactive growth in tissues is a sensitive period in life that can be more affected by obesity. Also the increase of leptin and insulin resistant independent of obesity have been seen in puberty. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of puberty on changes in leptin, testosterone, and insulin resistance in sedentary obese boy with considering possible crosstalk between leptin and insulin resistance. 58 sedentary obese boys (14.10 + 1.37 years) participated in this study. Tanner stage scales were used to measure puberty by self-reporting. Initially anthropometric characteristics and then, fasting serum’s glucose, insulin, leptin and testosterone, were measured. With increasing mature from TS2 to TS5, the increasing of testosterone, body mass and lean body mass and the reduction of body fat percentage were significantly (p≤0.05). but the changes in leptin and HOMA-IR were not significant. However, the decreased leptin after adjusting for BMI between TS3 and TS4 were significant (p≤0.05). During puberty, rapid growth in muscle tissue were associated with decreased body fat percent, serum leptin and insulin resistance. Among the possible reasons is a 15-fold increase in serum testosterone from TS2 to TS5. These changes reflect the cross talk between muscle and adipose tissue by hormonal mediators

Вплив послідовності вправ для тулуба на ступінь пошкодження м'язів у нетренованих чоловіків

Aim : The purpose of this study was to examine acute muscle damage after different sequences of an upper-body resistance exercise session. Methods : Twelve untrained men completed two sessions (three sets; 80% one repetition maximum; two min passive rest between sets) of the same exercises in opposite sequences (larger to smaller vs. smaller to larger muscle group exercises). For each session, serum creatine kinase (CK) concentrations were measured before exercise (pre) and 24, 48 hours after each sequence (24P, 48P). Results: Within sequence (larger to smaller muscle-group exercises), significant differences in CK concentrations were demonstrated between most time points (P0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that muscle damage was similar between sequences (larger to smaller vs. smaller to larger muscle-group exercises).Цель: цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы исследовать острое повреждение мышцы после различных серий упражнений с сопротивлением для туловища. Методы : Двенадцать нетренированных мужчин выполняли две серии (три подхода; 80% от максимального повторения; два - минимальное, пассивная форма отдыха между подходами) одинаковых упражнений в противоположной последовательности (упражнения от большего к меньшему и затем от меньшего к большему для группы мышц). Для каждой серии была измерена концентрация сыворотки креатин киназа (CK) перед выполнением упражнения и спустя 24 и 48 часов после каждой серии (24P, 48P). Результаты: В пределах серий (от большего к меньшему в упражнениях для группы мышц), были установлены существенные различия в концентрациях CK между большинством промежутков времени. Точно так же в пределах серий (от меньшего к большему в упражнениях для групп мышц), были установлены существенные различия в концентрациях CK между большинством промежутков времени. Концентрации CK были самыми высокими в 48P для обоих серий. В сравнении концентраций CK в сериях не было установлено существенных различий между любыми промежутками времени. Заключение: Полученные результаты дают основание полагать, что повреждение мышц было подобно между сериями (упражнения от большего к меньшему и затем от меньшего к большему для группы мышц).Мета: мета цього дослідження полягала в тому, щоб дослідити гостре пошкодження м'яза після різних серій вправ з опором для тулуба. Методи : Дванадцять нетренованих чоловіків виконували дві серії (три підходи; 80% від максимального повторення; два - мінімальне, пасивна форма відпочинку між підходами) однакових вправ в протилежній послідовності (вправи від більшого до меншого і потім від меншого до більшого для групи м'язів). Для кожної серії була зміряна концентрація сироватки креатин кіназа (CK) перед виконанням вправи і через 24 і 48 годин після кожної серії (24P, 48P). Результати: В межах серій (від більшого до меншого у вправах для групи м'язів), були встановлені істотні відмінності в концентраціях CK між більшістю проміжків часу. Так само в межах серій (від меншого до більшого у вправах для груп м'язів), були встановлені істотні відмінності в концентраціях CK між більшістю проміжків часу. Концентрації CK були найвищими у 48P для обох серій. У порівнянні концентрацій CK в серіях не було встановлено істотних відмінностей між будь-якими проміжками часу. Висновок: Отримані результати дають підставу вважати, що пошкодження м'язів було подібне між серіями (вправи від більшого до меншого і потім від меншого до більшого для групи м'язів)

Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercises on Anthropometric Indices and Osteocalcin, Leptin, Adiponectin Levels in Overweight Men

Background and Aim: Physical activity causes the releases of bone resorption indices in the bloodstream by the mechanical load on bone, which in interaction with adipokines reduces obesity and prevent its complications. So, the present study aims to compare the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on Anthropometric Indices and osteocalcin, leptin, adiponectin levels in overweight men. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 overweight young healthy men (BMI 28.67±0.96 and age 31.50 ± 2.23) were randomly assigned to control (n = 14), aerobic exercise (n = 13) and resistance exercise (n = 13) groups. Subjects in the exercise group were on 8-week supervised exercise training programme for three sessions per week (aerobic exercise were performed at 60-85% of HRR, and resistance exercise were performed at 55-75% of 1RM). Osteocalcin and adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin) were assessed from fasting blood samples before and after the 8-week exercise programme. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code IR.IAU.RASHT.REC.1396.124 has been approved by research ethics committee at Islamic Azad University, Rasht branch, Iran and also has been registered with code IRCT20180226038876N1 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT). Findings: Aerobic and resistance training led to decrease in anthropometric indices (p0.05). Conclusion: Considering to the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on osteocalcin and adipocytokines level, it seems that both exercise methods can be increasing mechanical load on bone mass and cause to change in energy metabolism and body weight and can be an important factor in decrease of obesity complications