Investigating the Relationship between Vulnerability to Addiction and Self-Efficacy among High School Students

Addiction is one of the most vulnerable social issues and the tendency to it involves several factors, including low self-efficacy. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and vulnerability to drug abuse among students.  This research was a correlational study. In this study, 483 male students from Salmas City (West Azerbaijan Province) high schools were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Then, the questionnaire to identify people at risk of addiction and also General Self-Efficacy Scale were conducted to them. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20. The results showed that Self-efficacy has a significant negative relationship with propensity to addiction. The present study showed that low self-efficacy can play a role in the tendency of young people to drug addiction. Accordingly, clinicians can improve efficacy prevent the tendency of young people to addiction

Investigating the Relationship between Vulnerability to Addiction and Self-Efficacy among High School Students

Addiction is one of the most vulnerable social issues and the tendency to it involves several factors, including low self-efficacy. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and vulnerability to drug abuse among students.  This research was a correlational study. In this study, 483 male students from Salmas City (West Azerbaijan Province) high schools were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Then, the questionnaire to identify people at risk of addiction and also General Self-Efficacy Scale were conducted to them. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20. The results showed that Self-efficacy has a significant negative relationship with propensity to addiction. The present study showed that low self-efficacy can play a role in the tendency of young people to drug addiction. Accordingly, clinicians can improve efficacy prevent the tendency of young people to addiction

Investigating the Relationship between Alexithymia and Early Maladaptive Schema among University Students in Tabriz

Alexithymia is a problem that shows itself in the emotional and cognitive functioning level and is known as the in ability or failure to explain or understand the emotions This study examined the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and alexithymia in a sample student. This study is descriptive corelational. Sample of 220 undergraduate students of Tabriz University were selected by stratified random sampling and they were administered by questionnaire Toronto alexithymia (TAS-20), and early maladaptive schemas Yang Short Form (YSQ-SF). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and simultaneous regression analysis. The results showed that the components of early maladaptive schemas, disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired Limits, directedness, and vigilance/inhibition have a significant positive relationship with alexithymia. Also, the findings of the regression analysis show that impaired autonomy and performance, over  vigilance/inhibition, are predictors of alexithymia . Therefore, it is essential to predict early maladaptive schemas and treat people with alexithymia

Prediction of Somatization on the Basis of Self-steem, Insomnia and Paranoid Thoughts in University Students

Background and Objectives: Somatization is a somatoform disorder, which medical examinations are not able to explain its reason. In the present research, the role of self-esteem, insomnia, and paranoid thoughts was investigated in somatization disorder. Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted on all students studying at University of Tabriz in the academic year 2014-2015. A total of 270 subjects were selected using stratified random sampling method. In this research, Eysenck Self-Esteem Inventory, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Somatization Questionnaire (PHQ-15), and Green et al. Paranoid Thought Scales (GPTS) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis tests. Results: Correlation results indicated that somatization disorder has a significant positive relationship with paranoid thoughts and insomnia and a significant negative relationship with self-esteem. Also, based on the results of multiple regression analysis, Insomnia Index had the greatest ability to predict somatization disorder. Conclusion: The findings of this research revealed that factors, such as insomnia, paranoid thoughts, and low self-esteem should be considered in the treatment of somatization disorder

The Validation of Somatization Inventory in the Students of Tabriz Universities (Iran)

Background and Objectives: As somatization is an one-dimensional approach and long questionnaires has no appropriate clinical and research application, therefore introduction of short questionnaires seems to be necessary. The somatization Inventory (PHQ-15) is a short self-report questionnaire for the assessment of somatization symptoms in non-clinical and clinical samples. This research was performed with the purpose of validating PHQ-15 questionnaire in students of Tabriz universities.   Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, 360 university students, were selected by stratified sampling method in 2013 and were assessed using Somatization Inventory (PHQ-15), and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The concurrent validity was assessed through simultaneous implementation of SCL-90 scale.   Results: The correlation coefficient of PHQ-15 and SCL-90 scores, were, respectively, 0.77 and significant (p=0.001). The internal consistency of the scale was calculated to be 0.76 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.   Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in the Iranian population, the somatization Inventory (PHQ-15) is an appropriate and short tool for screening in somatization-related researches.   &nbsp