Remodeling in kuwaiti newspaper commentary titles

The paper examines remodeling as a discourse mechanism in two Kuwaiti newspaper commentary titles, in an attempt to shed light on their thematic, phraseological and linguistic resources and to see whether ideology or policy making plays a role in the choice between a remodeled title and a commonplace one. It argues that remodeled titles inhere a semiotic power that far exceeds their ordinary counterparts due to their possessing properties such as appeal, amusingness and informativeness. In terms of phraseology, collocations and clichéd expressions emerge as the most exploited material for creating remodeled titles. As for linguistic resources,writers fall back on semantic, structural, and prosodic strategies in the process of remodeling titles

Style in Literary Translation: A Practical Perspective

This paper explores a stylistic approach to translating literary texts from Arabic into English and vice versa. It is held that in order to be in a position to render literary texts effectively and accurately, one needs to: (1) analyze and describe varieties of language, (2) identify and discern all important aesthetic aspects of text in order to interpret and appreciate texts properly, (3) activate processes and experiences of reading along with one’s intuitive responses to the text, and (4) activate all aspects of knowledge stored in one’s mind on language, text-typological demands, generic conventions, sociological roles of participants in the real world and in text, cultural environment and so on. Through the analysis of authentic data, it argues that by adopting a comprehensive stylistic approach, translators, as special text readers, can easily derive a better understanding and appreciation of texts, in particular literary texts. The data analysis demonstrates that literary translators, in addition to possessing other types of competences, need to develop first an analytical and evaluating competence that enables them to analyze and appreciate stylistic features, and second transferring/translating competence that enables them to prioritize the competing elements with a minimum loss

Explicitation vs. Implicitation: Discourse Markersin English-into-Arabic Translation

The present paper aims to examine Blum-Kulka’s (1986) claim that cases of explicitation in the target text (TT) correspond to cases of implicitation in the source text (ST). A corpus of three discourse markers (DMs) in an Arabic translation is examined against the DMs in the English ST. The findings show that there are three types of correspondence in DMs: explicitation to explicitation, explicitation to implicitation, and explicitation to zero equivalents. The paper concludes that the syndetic nature of Arabic discourse, unlike the asyndetic nature of its English counterpart, accounts for the presence of several cases of DMs which do not correspond to implicit DMs in the ST and whose sole function is to improvise smooth and cohesive discours

Managing in Translation: A Theoretical Model

The present paper aims to shed light on the notion of managing in the process of translating. It firmly distinguishes between two types of managing: Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic managing. Intrinsic managing, on the one hand, is entailed by the numerous asymmetries existing between the SL and TL, thus aiming to bring about natural naturalations. Extrinsic managing, on the other hand, is the translator's ideological superimposition on the SL text, thus steering it in a way as to meet his own goals. It is demonstrated that these two types of managing may operate at different levels in the process of translating, viz, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, textual and cultural levels. The paper argues that intrinsic managing is inevitable, hence is commendable; whereas, extrinsic managing constitutes the translator's premeditated intervention in the message of the SL text, hence is condemnable.Le but de cet article est de mettre en lumière le procédé d'adaptation dans le processus de traduction. L'auteur distingue clairement deux types d'adaptation : l'adaptation intrinsèque et l'adaptation extrinsèque. L'une, engendrée par les nombreuses asymétries entre les langues source et cible, vise à établir des équivalences naturelles entre celles-ci, tandis que l'autre - l'adaptation extrinsèque - a trait à la superposition de l'idéologie du traducteur sur le texte-source, lequel est, par conséquent, mis au service de ses propres intérêts. Ces deux types d'adaptation peuvent agir à différents niveaux dans le processus de traduction : syntaxique, sémantique, pragmatique, textuel et culturel. Cet article soutient que l'adaptation intrinsèque est inévitable, donc louable, alors que l'adaptation extrinsèque, qui constitue une appropriation délibérée du message par le traducteur, est condamnable

English Adverbial and Determiner Negation: A Problematic Area for Arabic Translators

Negation hardly comes up as an issue in English–Arabic translation studies. The general assumption is that the translation of English negation into Arabic poses no serious problems to the translator. While this is generally true when it comes to rendering negation marked by generic negative particles/affixes (John is not happy and John is unhappy, respectively) and even lexical and rhetorical implicit negation (John denied having cheated on the test and Can a person like John make such a mistake?), the present paper aims to show that the appropriate textualization into Arabic of English adverbial and determiner negation (e.g., by the adverbials too and hardly, and the determiners little and few) can be a problematic area for Arabic translators. The textual data (270 examples) is extracted from several published translations (belonging to literary, popular science/journalistic, and economic discourse), in an attempt to show what strategies translators follow when encountering such negation and how successful they are. While the findings provide solid evidence for the serious mishaps (about 42% of the renderings involve one kind of problem or another) that Arabic translators experience in this area, the critical discussion unravels several textual strategies that can capture the subtleties inherent in adverbial/determiner negation. It is hoped that the investigation of this subtle, neglected area in English–Arabic translation studies offers significant insights for both student and professional translators

Lexical and Discoursal Problems in English-Arabic Translation

À partir de l'étude des résultats d'un examen de traduction, l'auteur examine cinq problèmes, lexicaux et/ou discursifs, dans la traduction anglais-arabe. Il démontre qu'un traducteur professionnel doit prendre un grand nombre de décisions afin de produire un équivalent traductionnel et que celles-ci sont souvent ignorées par les apprentis traducteurs qui, en général, se limitent à leurs dictionnaires pour trouver des solutions

When the Focus of the Text is Blurred: A Textlinguistic Approach for Analyzing Student Interpreters' Errors

This study aims to investigate the effect of missing the pragmatic impact of two textual components, viz., conjunctives and key lexical items, on the typological focus of the source text in the process of simultaneous interpreting from Arabic into English. The source text assumes a hortative function which calls into the recipient's active socio-historical memory, events and experiences comparable to those addressed in the text. The investigation is based on the assumption that in a hortative text conjunctives and lexical items play a significant role in displaying the pragmatics of the communicative event. The study investigates how five Arabic conjunctives and four emotively-loaded lexical items in the text were rendered in English by ten MA. (Translation) students. This research has shown that the conjunctives were inappropriately rendered by most of the student interpreters, and that such renderings distorted the intended argument of the text. Results also reveals that the interpretations provided of the four key lexical items stripped them of their emotive charge, thus neutralizing the argument of the text. The study concludes with suggestions concerning the methods of teaching interpreting and the content of the interpreting course at Yarmouk University. The suggestions are based on the implications derived from the analysis of both the source text and the students' renderings of the conjunctives and the lexical items.Cette étude vise à identifier l'effet produit, sur l'interprétation simultanée arabe-anglais, lorsque le traducteur sous-estime la valeur de deux types de composantes textuelles : les conjonctions et les items lexicaux clés. Le texte source est d'un type qui vise à convaincre, ce qui demande de la part du récepteur de la traduction la même base socio-historique que le récepteur du texte original. La recherche est basée sur l'hypothèse que, dans ce type de texte, les conjonctions et les éléments lexicaux jouent un rôle important pour faire ressortir la pragmatique de la communication. La recherche étudie comment cinq conjonctions arabes et quatre éléments lexicaux émotivement chargés ont été traduits en anglais par dix étudiants de maîtrise en traduction. Les résultats montrent que la majorité des étudiants ont mal traduit les conjonctions et que leur travail a un effet négatif sur la finalité du texte. De même, les éléments lexicaux émotivement chargés ont été neutralisés par les étudiants. L'auteur termine avec des suggestions sur les méthodes d'enseignement et le contenu des cours en interprétation à l' Université Yarmouk

Proximal Aortic Dilatation and Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Patients with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: Is There a Relationship? A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Aortopathy is a known complication whose incidence is growing within the population of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients. Its pathology and relationship with other comorbidities remain unclear. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and predictors of proximal aortic dilatation after TOF repair. We retrospectively investigated all patients who underwent follow-up cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR; at least 4 years after TOF repair) between March 2004 and December 2019. The dimensions at the ascending aorta (AAo) and sinus of Valsalva (SoV) levels were measured. Aortic dilatation was defined as an internal aortic diameter that was >2 standard deviation of the previously published normal values. We included 77 patients (mean age 28.9 ± 10.5 years, 41.5% female, mean follow-up of 24.5 ± 8.1 years). AAo and SoV were dilated in 19 (24.6%) and 43 (55.8%) patients, respectively. Patients with dilated AAo and SoV were older during the corrective surgery (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively) and during CMR (p = 0.002 and 0.024, respectively) than patients without AAo and SoV dilatation. Patients of the dilated AAo group were more likely to have prior palliative shunt (p = 0.008), longer shunt duration (p = 0.005), and a higher degree of aortic valve regurgitation (AR) fraction (p < 0.001) and to undergo pulmonary (PVR) and/or aortic valve replacement (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). PVR (p = 0.048, odds ratio = 6.413, and 95% CI = 1.013–40.619) and higher AR fraction (p = 0.031, odds ratio = 1.194, and 95% CI = 1.017–1.403) were independent predictors for AAo dilatation. Aortopathy is a common progressive complication that may require reintervention and lifelong follow-up. Our study shows that proximal aortic dilatation may be attributed to factors that increase the volume overload across the proximal aorta, including late corrective surgery and palliative shunt. We also found that PVR and higher AR fraction are independent predictors of AAo dilatation

Contextualizing translation theories: aspects of Arabic-English interlingual communication

Contextualizing Translation Theories: Aspects of Arabic-English Interlingual Communication provides critical readings of available strategies of translating, ranging from the familiar concept of equivalence, to strategies of modulation, domestication, foreignization and mores of translation. As such, this volume demonstrates to the reader the pros and cons of each of these strategies within a theoretical context that is augmented by translational tasks and examples, most derived from actual textual data

Understanding Egyptian teachers' perspectives on 'teacher leadership' and its relationship with decision making

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