Blunted muscle angiogenic training-response in COPD patients versus sedentary controls

International audienceThe impaired skeletal muscle of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients reduces exercise capacity. Similar to the oxidative muscle fibres, the angio-adaptation of muscle to training may be blunted in these patients, as in other chronic conditions. We therefore compared muscle functional responses and angio-adaptations after training in COPD patients and sedentary healthy subjects (SHS). 24 COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 s 45.6¡17.5% predicted) and 23 SHS (,150 min?week-1 of moderate-to-vigorous exercise) completed a 6-week rehabilitation programme based on individualised moderate-intensity endurance training. Histomorphological muscle analysis and measurements of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and anti-angiogenic thrombospondin (TSP)-1 were conducted before and after training. COPD patients and SHS showed improved symptom-limited oxygen consumption and muscle endurance, although improvements were lower in COPD patients (+0.96¡2.4 versus +2.9¡2.6 mL?kg-1 ?min-1 , p,0.05, and +65% versus +108%, p50.06, respectively). The capillary-to-fibre (C/F) ratio increased less in COPD patients than SHS (+16¡10% versus +37¡20%, p,0.05) and no fibre type switch occurred in COPD patients. The VEGF-A/TSP-1 ratio increased in COPD patients and SHS (+65% versus +35%, p,0.05). Changes in C/F and symptom-limited oxygen consumption were correlated (r50.51, p,0.05). In addition to a lack of fibre switch, COPD patients displayed a blunted angiogenic response to training

Impact of physical inactivity and exercise training in the complex peripheral muscle dysfunction of COPD patients : beyond deconditionning ?

Les maladies chroniques constituent l'un des défis du 21ème siècle. La Broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive est une maladie respiratoire caractéristique de ces maladies, en raison de son caractère hétérogène et de ses répercussions systémiques. Parmi celles-ci, la dysfonction musculaire périphérique est cruciale, mais ses liens avec l'atteinte pulmonaire restent mal expliqués. La réduction d'activité physique a été le premier lien proposé, mais le remodelage musculaire dans la BPCO est bien différent à celui observé chez des sujets déconditionnés (possiblement en raison d'une exposition à la sédentarité plus ancienne et importante), et d'autres facteurs tels le stress oxydant ont été incriminés. La comparaison directe de la dysfonction musculaire périphérique de BPCO à celle de sujets sains sédentaires est limitée par l'hétérogénéité de l'atteinte musculaire. Enfin, chez les patients BPCO, le réentrainement n'a jamais fait la preuve d'adaptations musculaires similaires à celles de sujets sains sédentaires. L'objectif de cette thèse est donc la mise en évidence du rôle exact de la réduction d'activité physique et de l'exercice dans la dysfonction musculaire périphérique hétérogène de la BPCO. Nous montrons que l'exposition à la l'inactivité au cours de la vie n'est pas plus importante dans la BPCO que chez des sujets sains sédentaires. Parallèlement, il existe des phénotypes de dysfonction musculaire dans la BPCO. Cependant, quel que soit le phénotype considéré, il persiste des anomalies ultrastructurales entre patients BPCO et sujets sains de même niveau d'activité physique. Finalement, un même programme de réentrainement à l'effort n'a pas entrainé les mêmes adaptations fonctionnelles, morphologiques et angiogéniques que chez les sujets sains sédentaires.En conclusion, ces différents travaux remettent en cause le paradigme classique de la spirale du déconditionnement dans la BPCO et ouvrent des pistes pour l'optimisation de la réhabilitation respiratoire.Chronic diseases are one of the medical challenges of the 21st century. The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is paradigmatic of this type of diseases, because of its heterogeneity, and its systemic repercussions. The peripheral muscle dysfunction constitutes a key-repercussion in COPD. However, the links between this muscle dysfunction and the pulmonary impairment remain poorly understood.The physical activity reduction has been the first link proposed. However, the magnitude of structural muscle remodeling in COPD differs to the one of deconditioned sedentary subjects (though, this could be the consequence of greater and older inactivity in COPD), and other factors like the oxidative stress have been incriminated. The peripheral muscle dysfunction in COPD patients has never been directly compared to the one of healthy subjects of the same physical activity level, and is limited by the heterogeneity of the muscle dysfunction in COPD patients. Last, the exercise training has never shown similar muscle response in COPD patients as compared to healthy sedentary subjects. The aim of this PhD Thesis was to understand the exact contribution the physical inactivity and the exercise training in the heterogeneous peripheral muscle, dysfunction in COPD patients.First, we observed that the lifetime physical activity was not greater in COPD patients as compared to lifetime sedentary healthy subjects. In another hand, we showed phenotypes of peripheral muscle dysfunction in COPD patients. However, and whatever the phenotype considered, there was significantly more ultra-structural damage in COPD patients vs. healthy sedentary subjects. Last, a similar exercise training program did not induce similar functional, histo-morphological and angiogenic muscle responses in COPD patients vs. healthy sedentary subjects.Altogether, our work challenges the classical paradigm of the COPD spiral of decline and open doors to research on other specific pathways of the field of muscle dysfunction in COPD in order to optimize the pulmonary rehabilitation

Vers une réhabilitation initiée au coeur de l'exarcerbation de BPCO (évaluation de l'électromyostimulation)

Parrallèlement à l'atteinte respiratoire. La BPCO est caractérisée par des répercussions systémiques dont une dysfonction musculaire périphérique désormais bien établie. Elle participe à l'intolérance à l'exercice, majore la dyspnée, et altère la qualité de vie. Les exarcerbations de la maladie sont des périodes cruciales au cours desquelles la dysfonction musculaire atteint son paroxysme. Le ré-entrainement à l effort permet d améliorer ces différents éléments y compris à la phase aigüe ...AMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Reducing cognitive load during video lectures in physiology with eye movements modeling and pauses: a randomized controlled study

International audienceLectures constitute a basic component of physiology instruction in scientific and healthcare curricula. Technological progress has allowed a switch from face-to-face to video lectures. Yet, there is no evidence of video efficacy in physiology. Because videos increase the cognitive load during a learning task, identifying tools that decrease students' cognitive load during video is critical. Segmenting videos with pauses and inducing joint attention with eye movements modelling examples (EMME) could reduce the cognitive load and improve second year medical students' learning in physiology video lectures. Second year medical students were randomized into 4 groups (EMME + pauses (EMME+P), EMME without pauses (EMME-NoP), pauses only (NoEMME+P) and no EMME - no pause (NoEMME-NoP)), took pre-tests quizzes, watched a renal physiology video lecture, answered a cognitive load questionnaire and post-tests quizzes on the Moodle{copyright, serif} learning management system. Student's prior knowledge was assessed by a pre-test, and learning gains by the difference between post and pretest scores. One hundred ninety-five students completed the experiment. Pauses improved learning gains (P<0.01), but not EMME (P=0.11). Student's prior knowledge has several interactions with other variables: low prior knowledge students obtained better learning gains (P<0.001), high prior knowledge students had lower learning gains with EMME (P<0.05). Our study shows the potential role of tools designed to reduce students' cognitive load during a renal physiology video lecture, and the critical need to empirical validation of pedagogical solutions that are adapted to the specificities of physiology lectures

Impact de l'inactivité physique et du réentrainement dans la dysfonction musculaire périphérique complexe de la BPCO (au delà du déconditionnement ?)

Les maladies chroniques constituent l'un des défis du 21ème siècle. La Broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive est une maladie respiratoire caractéristique de ces maladies, en raison de son caractère hétérogène et de ses répercussions systémiques. Parmi celles-ci, la dysfonction musculaire périphérique est cruciale, mais ses liens avec l'atteinte pulmonaire restent mal expliqués. La réduction d'activité physique a été le premier lien proposé, mais le remodelage musculaire dans la BPCO est bien différent à celui observé chez des sujets déconditionnés (possiblement en raison d'une exposition à la sédentarité plus ancienne et importante), et d'autres facteurs tels le stress oxydant ont été incriminés. La comparaison directe de la dysfonction musculaire périphérique de BPCO à celle de sujets sains sédentaires est limitée par l'hétérogénéité de l'atteinte musculaire. Enfin, chez les patients BPCO, le réentrainement n'a jamais fait la preuve d'adaptations musculaires similaires à celles de sujets sains sédentaires. L'objectif de cette thèse est donc la mise en évidence du rôle exact de la réduction d'activité physique et de l'exercice dans la dysfonction musculaire périphérique hétérogène de la BPCO. Nous montrons que l'exposition à la l'inactivité au cours de la vie n'est pas plus importante dans la BPCO que chez des sujets sains sédentaires. Parallèlement, il existe des phénotypes de dysfonction musculaire dans la BPCO. Cependant, quel que soit le phénotype considéré, il persiste des anomalies ultrastructurales entre patients BPCO et sujets sains de même niveau d'activité physique. Finalement, un même programme de réentrainement à l'effort n'a pas entrainé les mêmes adaptations fonctionnelles, morphologiques et angiogéniques que chez les sujets sains sédentaires.En conclusion, ces différents travaux remettent en cause le paradigme classique de la spirale du déconditionnement dans la BPCO et ouvrent des pistes pour l'optimisation de la réhabilitation respiratoire.Chronic diseases are one of the medical challenges of the 21st century. The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is paradigmatic of this type of diseases, because of its heterogeneity, and its systemic repercussions. The peripheral muscle dysfunction constitutes a key-repercussion in COPD. However, the links between this muscle dysfunction and the pulmonary impairment remain poorly understood.The physical activity reduction has been the first link proposed. However, the magnitude of structural muscle remodeling in COPD differs to the one of deconditioned sedentary subjects (though, this could be the consequence of greater and older inactivity in COPD), and other factors like the oxidative stress have been incriminated. The peripheral muscle dysfunction in COPD patients has never been directly compared to the one of healthy subjects of the same physical activity level, and is limited by the heterogeneity of the muscle dysfunction in COPD patients. Last, the exercise training has never shown similar muscle response in COPD patients as compared to healthy sedentary subjects. The aim of this PhD Thesis was to understand the exact contribution the physical inactivity and the exercise training in the heterogeneous peripheral muscle, dysfunction in COPD patients.First, we observed that the lifetime physical activity was not greater in COPD patients as compared to lifetime sedentary healthy subjects. In another hand, we showed phenotypes of peripheral muscle dysfunction in COPD patients. However, and whatever the phenotype considered, there was significantly more ultra-structural damage in COPD patients vs. healthy sedentary subjects. Last, a similar exercise training program did not induce similar functional, histo-morphological and angiogenic muscle responses in COPD patients vs. healthy sedentary subjects.Altogether, our work challenges the classical paradigm of the COPD spiral of decline and open doors to research on other specific pathways of the field of muscle dysfunction in COPD in order to optimize the pulmonary rehabilitation.MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocSudocFranceF

Acute loss of lung function without wheezing during bee venom immunotherapy

International audienc

Breath acetone concentration: too heterogeneous to constitute a diagnosis or prognosis biomarker in heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis

International audienceAbstract Introduction: Exhaled breath acetone (ExA) has been investigated as a biomarker for heart failure (HF). Yet, barriers to its use in the clinical field have not been identified. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the ExA heterogeneity and factors of variability in healthy controls (HC), to identify its relations with HF diagnosis and prognostic factors and to assess its diagnosis and prognosis accuracy in HF patients. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PUBMED and Web of Science database. All studies with HC and HF patients with a measured ExA were included and studies providing ExA’s diagnosis and prognosis accuracy were identified. Results: Out of 971 identified studies, 18 studies involving 833 HC and 1009 HF patients were included in the meta-analysis. In HC, ExA showed an important heterogeneity (I²=99%). Variability factors were fasting state, sampling type and analytical method. The mean ExA was 1.89 times higher in HF patients vs. HC (782 [531-1032] vs. 413 [347-478] ppbv; p<0.001). One study showed excellent diagnosis accuracy, and one showed a good prognosis value. ExA correlated with New York Heart Association (NYHA) dyspnea (p<0.001) and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (p<0.001). Studies showed a poor definition and reporting of included subjects. Discussion: Despite the between-study heterogeneity in HC, the evidence of an excellent diagnosis and prognosis value of ExA in HF from single studies can be extended to clinical populations worldwide. Factors of variability (ExA procedure and breath sampling) could further improve the diagnosis and prognosis values of this biomarker in HF patients

Involvement of the FoxO1/MuRF1/Atrogin-1 Signaling Pathway in the Oxidative Stress-Induced Atrophy of Cultured Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Myotubes.

Oxidative stress is thought to be one of the most important mechanisms implicated in the muscle wasting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but its role has never been demonstrated. We therefore assessed the effects of both pro-oxidant and antioxidant treatments on the oxidative stress levels and atrophic signaling pathway of cultured COPD myotubes. Treatment of cultured COPD myotubes with the pro-oxidant molecule H2O2 resulted in increased ROS production (P = 0.002) and protein carbonylation (P = 0.050), in association with a more pronounced atrophy of the myotubes, as reflected by a reduced diameter (P = 0.003), and the activated expression of atrophic markers MuRF1 and FoxO1 (P = 0.022 and P = 0.030, respectively). Conversely, the antioxidant molecule ascorbic acid induced a reduction in ROS production (P<0.001) and protein carbonylation (P = 0.019), and an increase in the myotube diameter (P<0.001) to a level similar to the diameter of healthy subject myotubes, in association with decreased expression levels of MuRF1, atrogin-1 and FoxO1 (P<0.001, P = 0.002 and P = 0.042, respectively). A significant negative correlation was observed between the variations in myotube diameter and the variations in the expression of MuRF1 after antioxidant treatment (P = 0.047). Moreover, ascorbic acid was able to prevent the H2O2-induced atrophy of COPD myotubes. Last, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 restored the basal atrophy level of the COPD myotubes and also suppressed the H2O2-induced myotube atrophy. These findings demonstrate for the first time the involvement of oxidative stress in the atrophy of COPD peripheral muscle cells in vitro, via the FoxO1/MuRF1/atrogin-1 signaling pathway of the ubiquitin/proteasome system

Response to Electrostimulation Is Impaired in Muscle Cells from Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

International audienceAmong the comorbidities associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy are known to affect patient survival rate. In addition to muscle deconditioning, various systemic and intrinsic factors have been implicated in COPD muscle dysfunction but an impaired COPD muscle adaptation to contraction has never been extensively studied. We submitted cultured myotubes from nine healthy subjects and nine patients with COPD to an endurance-type protocol of electrical pulse stimulation (EPS). EPS induced a decrease in the diameter, covered surface and expression of MHC1 in COPD myotubes. Although the expression of protein degradation markers was not affected, expression of the protein synthesis marker mTOR was not induced in COPD compared to healthy myotubes after EPS. The expression of the differentiation markers p16INK4a and p21 was impaired, while expression of Myf5 and MyoD tended to be affected in COPD muscle cells in response to EPS. The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers PGC1α and MFN2 was affected and expression of TFAM and COX1 tended to be reduced in COPD compared to healthy myotubes upon EPS. Lipid peroxidation was increased and the expression of the antioxidant enzymes SOD2 and GPx4 was affected in COPD compared to healthy myotubes in response to EPS. Thus, we provide evidence of an impaired response of COPD muscle cells to contraction, which might be involved in the muscle weakness observed in patients with COPD