(N,N′-Diisopropyldithiocarbamato)triphenyltin(IV): crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study

The crystal and molecular structures of the title triorganotin dithiocarbamate, [Sn(C6H5)3(C7H14NS2)], are described. The molecular geometry about the metal atom is highly distorted being based on a C3S tetrahedron as the dithiocarbamate ligand is asymmetrically chelating to the tin centre. The close approach of the second thione-S atom [SnS = 2.9264 (4) A˚ ] is largely responsible for the distortion. The molecular packing is almost devoid of directional interactions with only weak phenyl-C—HC(phenyl) interactions, leading to centrosymmetric dimeric aggregates, being noted. An analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface points to the significance of HH contacts, which contribute 66.6% of all contacts to the surface, with CH/HC [26.8%] and SH/HH [6.6%] contacts making up the balance

Parenting and community engagement factors as predictors of religiosity among muslim adolescents from Malaysia.

Despite the plethora of research on correlates of adolescent religiosity, few studies have examined the contribution of social context to religiosity among non-Western Muslim samples using multidimensional religiosity measures. To address this gap, the current study investigated the influence of community engagement and parenting factors on religiosity among 596 Malaysian Muslim secondary school students (M age = 16.10, SD = .29). After controlling for gender, family structure, family income, and social desirability, the results showed that parental monitoring, mosque involvement, and school engagement significantly predicted religious worldview, whereas parental religious socialization, parental monitoring, mosque involvement, school engagement, and youth organization involvement accounted for a significant amount of the variance in religious personality. Implications for further research on socialization influences on religious development among adolescents are discussed

Effects of DLC/TiAlN-coated die on friction and wear in sheet-metal forming under dry and oil-lubricated conditions: Experimental and numerical studies

Experimental and numerical analyses were conducted to explore the influence of DLC/TiAlN-coated die surfaces in sheet-metal forming under dry and oil-lubricated conditions. In this study, ironing and deep-drawing experiments were performed to determine the potential of the DLC/TiAlN coating in the sheet forming of stainless steels under different tribological conditions. The performance and physical properties of the DLC/TiAlN-coated die surface were obtained through load, surface roughness, and wear measurements as well as hardness and microstructure examination. The experimental results indicated that the DLC/TiAlN coating strongly resists galling under dry friction and thin film lubrication conditions that reduces the friction and forming load. The presence of a thin oil film reduces the sliding-originated surface tensile stresses of the DLC/TiAlN coating, improving the wear resistance of the die surface even at high temperatures and high contact pressures. Thermomechanical numerical analysis supported the experimental results, which confirmed that the lubricant discharged the heat generated in the die–workpiece contact region to reduce the friction and forming load. With the DLC/TiAlN coating, the plain mineral oil with no extreme pressure additives can function as effective as chlorinated paraffin oil for protecting the die surface, thus extending the die service life

Paraffinic mineral oil lubrication for cold forward extrusion: effect of lubricant quantity and friction

In this paper, Finite Element (FE) and experimental analyses have been developed on the deformation of aluminium billet over a tool. Effect of friction resulted from the use of additive-free ISO460-compliant paraffinic mineral oil with kinematic viscosity of 455.192 mm2/s at 40 °C in amounts of 0.1, 1, 5, and 20 mg were examined. The time behaviour of displacements on the billet in the experiment was used as inputs for the FE model. The FE analysis results for load–displacement behaviour of the extrusion were compared with the experimental results. It was shown that significant differences exist between the four lubricant quantities on friction and contact pressure distribution

An experimental investigation of palm pressed fibre waste as lubricant in strip drawing

The abundance of palm pressed fibre (PPF) biomass waste generates greenhouse gases. Therefore, an experimental study on catalytic pyrolysis technology using a tubular reactor on PPF oil was performed at temperature of 450 °C, which gave oil product yields of 44.1 percent. Viscosity of the PPF oil as a function of temperature was measured at different temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 50 °C. The viscosity of the oils was shown to decrease with increases in temperature. Finally, PPF oil was tested as lubricant in strip drawing and compared with palm olein (PO). A comparison of strip drawn aluminium samples show that the lubrication performance of PPF oil varies with PO in a remarkably similar wa