Barcelona towards sustainability / Farah Ayuni Shafie.

This paper describes two main aspects of environmental management in Barcelona; city mobility and waste management. The observation is documented through hard evidence of photographs, local authority database and information accessible to the public. This paper is divided into three sections; 1) current urban planning and management 2) the sustainability and environmental approaches governed by the city 3) personal thoughts and experience overlooking the general attitude and culture of the people of Barcelona. The lessons learned can be applied to Malaysia in a organized locality

Urban Sustainability in Barcelona: Living and Learning the Experience

AbstractThis paper is a written experience of a person from Malaysia; a developing country who was given the opportunity to live and study in Barcelona; a developed metropolitan by the Mediterranean Sea in Spain. This paper is made up of three sections; 1) current characteristics of the urban planning and management 2) the sustainability and environmental approaches practiced and governed by the city 3) personal thoughts and experience overlooking the general attitude and culture of the people of Barcelona. The observation is made throughout my mobility in Barcelona and as a person living the life in the city. The observation is documented through hard evidence of photographs and local authority database and information accessible to public

Environmentally-extended input-output analysis in environmental assessment / Farah Ayuni Sahafea @ Shafie

Sustainability has become the key goal in every aspect of the environment especially in the diverse urban systems. Sustainable practices require a controlled setting within an urban system where their practicality and efficacy could be assessed. The aim of the thesis is to establish an environmental assessment tool based on urban metabolism approach to assist decision-making during environmental and economic assessment. The outcome provides understanding on the means of integrating carbon footprint and monetary factor to oversee the expenditure of a nation in general, or a household or an individual in particular, in relation to global warming potential. This study applied a retrospective cross sectional study to provide a form of environmental assessment in developing economic-environmental input-output model for greenhouse gases emission monitoring and climate change adaptation. Methodologically, the potential impact from economic sectors’ contribution on greenhouse gas emissions which eventually leads to global warming and climate change was quantitatively assessed. Firstly, the contribution of greenhouse gas emission from each economic activity was examined. Secondly, the association of greenhouse gas emissions with gross output value from each economic activity was assessed to ascertain the greenhouse gas intensity. Finally, a preliminary environmental-economic input-output tool were developed for potential global warming forecasting assessment and improving the surveillance system of each target economic sector concerning climate change. The input-output analysis method development found that Barcelona with 14 economic sectors has carbon dioxide emission to be 24.44 kg CO2- eq./cap/day. The method adaptation to Malaysia resulted with greenhouse gas emission of all 120 economic activities with 4.87 kg CO2- eq./cap/day. Greenhouse gases from waste management was not captured in the input-output matrices. The waste management section was managed but the introduction to Material Flow Analysis approach which resulted with 4.5 kg/capita/ day of solid waste for Klang Valley. The economic input-output model o f a nation or region is an analytical tool that describes the structure of one nation or region’s economy. A derived matrix from the economic input-output table is expanded to express global warming potential which describes its total global warming impact relative to carbon dioxide emission over a set period of time. The estimation of carbon footprint from monetary fluxes is vital in the environmental health impact assessment as sustainable urban planning and sustainable economy are complimentary of one another. This study contributes to quantitatively analyse the physical input-output relationships among the socioeconomic components with the findings on the distribution of environmental impacts, thereby providing scientific model support to guide restructuring of metabolic system especially urban metabolic system. The use of publicly available data to assemble the matrix representation enables comprehensive assessment of the environmental impacts of a product or service with effective cost, in a relatively fast and high-technology manner

Environmental-economic impact assessment in urban planning

Las prácticas sostenibles requieren de un marco controlado en los sistemas urbanos donde su funcionalidad y eficacia puedan ser evaluadas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar cómo la integración de la huella de carbono y el factor monetario pueden construir una dimensión de impacto en la salud ambiental para monitorizar los gastos de una nación, en general, o de un hogar o individuo, en particular, en relación al potencial de calentamiento global. El modelo de Input Output Económico de una nación o una región es una herramienta analítica fuerte que describe la estructura económica de una nación o región. La matriz inversa de Leontief deriva de la tabla input output económica. El resultado del modelo se expresa en potencial de calentamiento global, que describe su impacto total de calentamiento global relativo al dióxido de carbono a lo largo de un período de tiempo determinado. La estimación de la huella de carbono a partir de flujos monetarios en un entorno urbano es vital en el análisis de los impactos en la salud ambiental, donde la planificación urbana y la economía sostenible son complementarias.Sustainable practices require a controlled setting within an urban system where the practicality and efficacy could be assessed. This study aim to present a review by what means integrated carbon footprint and monetary factor may construct an environmental health impact dimension to oversee the expenditure of a nation in general or a household or an individual in particular in relation to global warming potential.Economic Input Output model of a nation or a region is a powerful analytical tool that describes the structure of one nation or region’s economy. An inversed Leontief matrix is derived from the economic input output table. The outcome of the model is expressed in global warming potential which describes its total global warming impact relative to carbon dioxide over a set period of time. The estimation of carbon footprint from monetary fluxes within an urban setting is vital in the environmental health impact assessment where sustainable urban planning and sustainable economy are complimentary of each other.Eje 1: Dilemas del desarrollo socio-territorial y la planificación urbano-regional frente a los retos de la sustentabilidad.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Environmental risk evaluation of a sanitary landfill using life cycle analysis approach / Farah Ayuni Shafie, Dasimah Omar and Subramaniam Karuppanan.

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) auditing was carried out at a sanitary landfill in Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. It was conducted to assess the environmental and health impact of the landfill. The study also includes an environmental risk index and life cycle analysis (LCA) approach to evaluate the facility. The auditing arrives with a conclusion that this facility might pose a hazard to the environment and health if no adequate control measures are taken consistently. Environmental auditing and LCA simulation could become an essential tool in the monitoring of urban planning and development

Environmental-economic impact assessment in urban planning

Las prácticas sostenibles requieren de un marco controlado en los sistemas urbanos donde su funcionalidad y eficacia puedan ser evaluadas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar cómo la integración de la huella de carbono y el factor monetario pueden construir una dimensión de impacto en la salud ambiental para monitorizar los gastos de una nación, en general, o de un hogar o individuo, en particular, en relación al potencial de calentamiento global. El modelo de Input Output Económico de una nación o una región es una herramienta analítica fuerte que describe la estructura económica de una nación o región. La matriz inversa de Leontief deriva de la tabla input output económica. El resultado del modelo se expresa en potencial de calentamiento global, que describe su impacto total de calentamiento global relativo al dióxido de carbono a lo largo de un período de tiempo determinado. La estimación de la huella de carbono a partir de flujos monetarios en un entorno urbano es vital en el análisis de los impactos en la salud ambiental, donde la planificación urbana y la economía sostenible son complementarias.Sustainable practices require a controlled setting within an urban system where the practicality and efficacy could be assessed. This study aim to present a review by what means integrated carbon footprint and monetary factor may construct an environmental health impact dimension to oversee the expenditure of a nation in general or a household or an individual in particular in relation to global warming potential.Economic Input Output model of a nation or a region is a powerful analytical tool that describes the structure of one nation or region’s economy. An inversed Leontief matrix is derived from the economic input output table. The outcome of the model is expressed in global warming potential which describes its total global warming impact relative to carbon dioxide over a set period of time. The estimation of carbon footprint from monetary fluxes within an urban setting is vital in the environmental health impact assessment where sustainable urban planning and sustainable economy are complimentary of each other.Eje 1: Dilemas del desarrollo socio-territorial y la planificación urbano-regional frente a los retos de la sustentabilidad.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Environmental-economic impact assessment in urban planning

Las prácticas sostenibles requieren de un marco controlado en los sistemas urbanos donde su funcionalidad y eficacia puedan ser evaluadas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar cómo la integración de la huella de carbono y el factor monetario pueden construir una dimensión de impacto en la salud ambiental para monitorizar los gastos de una nación, en general, o de un hogar o individuo, en particular, en relación al potencial de calentamiento global. El modelo de Input Output Económico de una nación o una región es una herramienta analítica fuerte que describe la estructura económica de una nación o región. La matriz inversa de Leontief deriva de la tabla input output económica. El resultado del modelo se expresa en potencial de calentamiento global, que describe su impacto total de calentamiento global relativo al dióxido de carbono a lo largo de un período de tiempo determinado. La estimación de la huella de carbono a partir de flujos monetarios en un entorno urbano es vital en el análisis de los impactos en la salud ambiental, donde la planificación urbana y la economía sostenible son complementarias.Sustainable practices require a controlled setting within an urban system where the practicality and efficacy could be assessed. This study aim to present a review by what means integrated carbon footprint and monetary factor may construct an environmental health impact dimension to oversee the expenditure of a nation in general or a household or an individual in particular in relation to global warming potential.Economic Input Output model of a nation or a region is a powerful analytical tool that describes the structure of one nation or region’s economy. An inversed Leontief matrix is derived from the economic input output table. The outcome of the model is expressed in global warming potential which describes its total global warming impact relative to carbon dioxide over a set period of time. The estimation of carbon footprint from monetary fluxes within an urban setting is vital in the environmental health impact assessment where sustainable urban planning and sustainable economy are complimentary of each other.Eje 1: Dilemas del desarrollo socio-territorial y la planificación urbano-regional frente a los retos de la sustentabilidad.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Urban Material Flow Analysis: An approach for Greater Kuala Lumpur

The objective of the study was to estimate environmental impacts of the cities in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Kajang, Sepang, and Putrajaya by using material flow analysis. The study assessed prime material flows within three cities in Malaysia; electricity consumption, water usage, food consumption, carbon dioxide emission, wastewater production and solid waste. A functional unit of kg/cap/day was defined for all the material flows. Putrajaya was seen as the highest consumer of water, even with the lowest population. Kajang contributed the most of in terms of environmental impacts, followed by Sepang and Putrajaya.Keywords: material flow analysis, urban management, resource consumption eISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i11.135

COVID-19 Pandemic in Urban Environment and Household Population: An Exploratory Spatial Risk Analysis in Selangor, Malaysia

Malaysia faced the COVID-19 epidemic which had a huge impact on the community and environmental health in 2020. This paper was conducted to perform exploratory analysis on the feasible factors influencing the COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. Two central objectives were carried out, specifically: i) to analyse the spatial-temporal distribution of COVID-19 cases by months and districts in the state; and ii) to identify the environmental factors that contribute to the increase of COVID-19 cases, including population, housing, urbanisation, gradient, and industrial area. Natural break classification method in ArcGIS was used to produce the COVID-19 map and analysis, followed by the possible correlation between the cases, and selected risk factors were determined using correlation analysis. Every district had experienced the pandemic, especially in the populous and urbanised district of Petaling and Klang. The cases rose in the last three months of 2020 namely October, November, and December. Although there were no dominant factors shaping the increasing cases as the correlation strength was mostly moderate and low trends, the number of population was suggested as the main local factor as there was a moderately strong correlation (r=0.56) due to uncontrolled human movements and crowded conditions in certain areas. GIS has also demonstrated its methodological capabilities and responsive planning to spot the spatial distribution and correlation of COVID-19 cases with the potential risk factors

COVID-19 Pandemic in Urban Environment and Household Population: An Exploratory Spatial Risk Analysis in Selangor, Malaysia

Malaysia faced the COVID-19 epidemic which had a huge impact on the community and environmental health in 2020. This paper was conducted to perform exploratory analysis on the feasible factors influencing the COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. Two central objectives were carried out, specifically: i) to analyse the spatial-temporal distribution of COVID-19 cases by months and districts in the state; and ii) to identify the environmental factors that contribute to the increase of COVID-19 cases, including population, housing, urbanisation, gradient, and industrial area. Natural break classification method in ArcGIS was used to produce the COVID-19 map and analysis, followed by the possible correlation between the cases, and selected risk factors were determined using correlation analysis. Every district had experienced the pandemic, especially in the populous and urbanised district of Petaling and Klang. The cases rose in the last three months of 2020 namely October, November, and December. Although there were no dominant factors shaping the increasing cases as the correlation strength was mostly moderate and low trends, the number of population was suggested as the main local factor as there was a moderately strong correlation (r=0.56) due to uncontrolled human movements and crowded conditions in certain areas. GIS has also demonstrated its methodological capabilities and responsive planning to spot the spatial distribution and correlation of COVID-19 cases with the potential risk factors