Hybrid fuzzy- proportionl integral derivative controller (F-PID-C) for control of speed brushless direct curren motor (BLDCM)

Hybrid Fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers (F-PID-C) is designed and analyzed for controlling speed of brushless DC (BLDC) motor. A simulation investigation of the controller for controlling the speed of BLDC motors is performed to beat the presence of nonlinearities and uncertainties in the system. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is designed according to fuzzy rules so that the systems are fundamentally robust. There are 49 fuzzy rules for each parameter of FUZZY-PID controller. Fuzzy Logic is used to tune each parameter of the proportional, integral and derivative ( kp,ki,kd) gains, respectively of the PID controller. The FLC has two inputs i.e., i) the motor speed error between the reference and actual speed and ii) the change in speed of error (rate of change error). The three outputs of the FLC are the proportional gain, kp, integral gain ki and derivative gain kd, gains to be used as the parameters of PID controller in order to control the speed of the BLDC motor. Various types of membership functions have been used in this project i.e., gaussian, trapezoidal and triangular are assessed in the fuzzy control and these membership functions are used in FUZZY PID for comparative analysis. The membership functions and the rules have been defined using fuzzy system editor given in MATLAB. Two distinct situations are simulated, which are start response, step response with load and without load. The FUZZY-PID controller has been tuned by trial and error and performance parameters are rise time, settling time and overshoot. The findings show that the trapezoidal membership function give good results of short rise time, fast settling time and minimum overshoot compared to others for speed control of the BLDC motor

Bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin: a meta-analysis of patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes

OBJECTIVE: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with generally high thrombus burden and non-ST segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS), with lower thrombus burden. In the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ACS, bivalirudin appears superior to unfractionated heparin (UFH), driven by reduced major bleeding. Recent trials suggest that the benefit of bivalirudin may be reduced with use of transradial access and evolution in antiplatelet therapy. Moreover, a differential role of bivalirudin in ACS cohorts is unknown. METHODS: A meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing bivalirudin and UFH in patients with ACS receiving PCI, with separate analyses in STEMI and NSTE-ACS groups. Overall estimates of treatment effect were calculated with random-effects model. RESULTS: In 5 trials of STEMI (10 358 patients), bivalirudin increased the risk of acute stent thrombosis (ST) (OR 3.62; CI 1.95 to 6.74; p<0.0001) compared with UFH. Bivalirudin reduced the risk of major bleeding only when compared with UFH plus planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) (OR 0.49; CI 0.36 to 0.67; p<0.00001). In 14 NSTE-ACS trials (25 238 patients), there was no difference between bivalirudin and UFH in death, myocardial infarction or ST. However, bivalirudin reduced the risk of major bleeding compared with UFH plus planned GPI (OR 0.52; CI 0.43 to 0.62; p<0.00001), or UFH plus provisional GPI (OR 0.68; CI 0.46 to 1.01; p=0.05). The reduction in major bleeding with bivalirudin was not related to vascular access site. CONCLUSIONS: Bivalirudin increases the risk of acute ST in STEMI, but may confer an advantage over UFH in NSTE-ACS while undergoing PCI, reducing major bleeding without an increase in ST

Hybrid fuzzy-proportionl integral derivative controller (F-PID-C) for control of speed brushless direct current motor (BLDCM)

Hybrid Fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers (F-PID-C) is designed and analyzed for controlling speed of brushless DC (BLDC) motor. A simulation investigation of the controller for controlling the speed of BLDC motors is performed to beat the presence of nonlinearities and uncertainties in the system. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is designed according to fuzzy rules so that the systems are fundamentally robust. There are 49 fuzzy rules for each parameter of FUZZY-PID controller. Fuzzy Logic is used to tune each parameter of the proportional, integral and derivative ( kp,ki,kd) gains, respectively of the PID controller. The FLC has two inputs i.e., i) the motor speed error between the reference and actual speed and ii) the change in speed of error (rate of change error). The three outputs of the FLC are the proportional gain, kp, integral gain ki and derivative gain kd, gains to be used as the parameters of PID controller in order to control the speed of the BLDC motor. Various types of membership functions have been used in this project i.e., gaussian, trapezoidal and triangular are assessed in the fuzzy control and these membership functions are used in FUZZY PID for comparative analysis. The membership functions and the rules have been defined using fuzzy system editor given in MATLAB. Two distinct situations are simulated, which are start response, step response with load and without load. The FUZZY-PID controller has been tuned by trial and error and performance parameters are rise time, settling time and overshoot. The findings show that the trapezoidal membership function give good results of short rise time, fast settling time and minimum overshoot compared to others for speed control of the BLDC motor

SYNTHESIS, IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTI-LIVER CANCER EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL BIS-CYANOACRYLAMIDE AND BIS-AZOLES DERIVATIVES

Objective: Synthesis of some novel bis [3-(aryl)-2-cyanoacrylamide], bis-pyrazole, bis-thiazole and bis-triazole derivatives starting from N,N'-ethane-1,2-diylbis(2-cyanoacetamide) (1) to evaluate for their in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities.Methods: Reaction of N, N'-ethane-1,2-diylbis(2-cyanoacetamide) (1) with different aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes yielded the corresponding bis[3-(aryl)-2-cyanoacrylamide] derivatives, which reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give N,N'-ethane-1,2-diylbis[3-amino-5-(4-aryl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide] derivatives. Compound 1 reacted with each of thioglycolic acid, Phenyl isocyanate and elemental sulfur in presence triethylamine to give bis-thiazole derivatives. Diazotization of 1 with the desired diazonium chloride yielded the bis-hydrazone derivatives. The latter compounds refluxed with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and chloro- acetonitrile to give bis-triazole and bis-pyrazole derivatives respectively.Results: The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, [13]C NMR and mass spectral data. A total fourteen new synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities against human liver cancer cell line (HEPG-2).Conclusion: The results obtained indicated that some of such compounds showed promising activities against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and anticancer activity in relation to the reference drugs ampicillin, gentamicin, Amphotericin B and vinblastine respectively.Â

Does folic acid reduce congenital anomalies and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women received long-term low dose methotrexate?

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) which is folic acid antagonist is used to treat many diseases, including rheumatic, inflammatory, autoimmune disorders or malignancies; it is also used for the medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy and termination of pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of folic acid in preventing congenital anomalies (CAs) in the fetus of pregnant that take long-term low dose methotrexate.Methods: The study included 1569 with history of low dose methotrexate therapy <25 mg/week that stopped one month before pregnancy, they were divided into 3 groups; Group 1 comprised 272 pregnant women, Group 2 comprised 367 pregnant women both groups take folic acid 4-5 weeks preconception and for the first 12-13 weeks gestation, the dose in the 1st group was 0.4 mg/day while in 2nd Group 4 mg/day, Group 3 comprised of 930 pregnant disease-matched with no folic acid. Group 4 comprised of 1015 pregnant no underlying autoimmune and no folic acid intake.Results: The overall rate of CAs and cardiovascular CAs were higher in fetuses of Group 3 (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-2.7) and (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.4-5.2) respectively compared to the overall rate of CAs and cardiovascular CAs in other groups. Other adverse outcomes as abortion, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, placenta abruption, PROM, low birth weight, admission to NICU, IUGR and IUFD were higher in Group 3 and 4 than in Group 1 and 2. There were no significant differences in umbilical arterial PH. The Apgar scores <7 at 1, 5 min and gestational age at delivery were higher in Group 1 and 2 than Group 3 and 4.Conclusions: There was a certain reduction in methotrexate teratogenic effect on the fetuses with folic acid intake during pregnancy, these pregnancies might benefit from taking of folic acid in high doses before conception and during the first trimester of pregnancy and improvement in fetal and maternal outcomes but the explanation of this effect requires further study

Kristalna struktura i optička svojstva sustava Bi-Sb-Te-Se

The quaternary systems of Bi-Sb-Te-Se were synthesized by direct fusion technique. Thin films of these compounds were prepared by thermal evaporation under vacuum of 10−4 Pa. The structural properties of these compounds in powder and thin film forms were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The optical constants (absorption coefficient and band gap) of the thin films were determined by measurements of IR absorbance in the region 2.5 – 10 µm. Analysis of the optical absorption spectra revealed the existence of two direct energy gaps.Sintetizirali smo sustave Bi-Sb-Te-Se sa četiri sastavnice izravnom metodom staljivanja. Tanke slojeve tih spojeva pripremali smo isparavanjem u vakuumu (na 10−4 Pa). Primjenom rendgenske difrakcije odredili smo strukturna svojstva praha i tankih slojeva tih spojeva. Optičke konstante tankih slojeva (koeficijent apsorpcije i procijep med–u vrpcama) odredili smo mjerenjem apsorpcije u području 2.5 – 10 µm. Analiza optičkih apsorpcijskih spektara pokazuje dva izravna procijepa

Kristalna struktura i optička svojstva sustava Bi-Sb-Te-Se

The quaternary systems of Bi-Sb-Te-Se were synthesized by direct fusion technique. Thin films of these compounds were prepared by thermal evaporation under vacuum of 10−4 Pa. The structural properties of these compounds in powder and thin film forms were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The optical constants (absorption coefficient and band gap) of the thin films were determined by measurements of IR absorbance in the region 2.5 – 10 µm. Analysis of the optical absorption spectra revealed the existence of two direct energy gaps.Sintetizirali smo sustave Bi-Sb-Te-Se sa četiri sastavnice izravnom metodom staljivanja. Tanke slojeve tih spojeva pripremali smo isparavanjem u vakuumu (na 10−4 Pa). Primjenom rendgenske difrakcije odredili smo strukturna svojstva praha i tankih slojeva tih spojeva. Optičke konstante tankih slojeva (koeficijent apsorpcije i procijep med–u vrpcama) odredili smo mjerenjem apsorpcije u području 2.5 – 10 µm. Analiza optičkih apsorpcijskih spektara pokazuje dva izravna procijepa

Acaricidal efficiency of solar 50 % new emulsifiable concentrate formulation against the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

Oils are some of the most efficient and secure alternatives to synthetic fungicides, acaricides and insecticides used as pesticides for decades. Around the world, mineral oils are a potential pesticide against many pests. To provide novel active ingredients and new pesticide formulations to the pesticide industry, the major goal of this research was to formulate one of the petroleum fractions and test its acaricidal efficiency against two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Solar's physical features were put to the test. Then, it was prepared as an emulsifiable concentrate following the guidelines provided by specialized pesticide organizations for this kind of formulation. The novel formulation was subsequently biologically tested against T. urticae adults in the lab, and it demonstrated good acaricidal activity with an LC50 of 4548 ppm. Under greenhouse conditions, it was also tested against T. urticae immature, adults (males and females) and number of deposited eggs. There was a direct correlation for all stages between concentration, the percentage of immature and adult mortality, and the percentage of egg-hatching inhibition. In the case of the immature, 100% mortality was shown after 7 days of treatment. However, in the case of adult males and females, 100% mortality was shown after 3 days of treatment. Additionally, after 14 days from treatment, it entirely stopped egg depositing. The new formulation might be applied to manage the TSSM.