Exploiting Mangroves and Rushing Back Home

The research carried out between 2000 and 2014 along the northern coast of the Arabian Sea in Lower Sindh and Las Bela (Balochistan, Pakistan) has shown that the two regions started to be settled during the last two centuries of the 8th millennium BP. The sites consist of shell middens, shell scatters and fishermen villages, many of which were sampled for conventional and AMS radiocarbon dating from mangrove and marine shells. So far 95 sites have been AMS (GrA-) or conventionally (GrN-) radiocarbondated. This paper describes the results obtained from three well-defined macro areas (Lake Siranda, the coastline between Cape Gadani and the Hab River mouth, and the Indus Delta) where the aforementioned research methodology has been applied. The results contribute to the interpretation of the archaeology of the coastal area of Pakistan and the Arabian Sea, the definition of the sea-level variations since the mid-Atlantic period, the presence/absence and exploitation of ancient mangroves, the dynamic of the Indus Delta advance, and the chronology of the early navigation along the northern coast of the Indian Ocea

Structure-dependent electrical properties of graphene nanoribbon devices with graphene electrodes

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are a novel and intriguing class of materials in the field of nanoelectronics, since their properties, solely defined by their width and edge type, are controllable with high precision directly from synthesis. Here we study the correlation between the GNR structure and the corresponding device electrical properties. We investigated a series of field effect devices consisting of a film of armchair GNRs with different structures (namely width and/or length) as the transistor channel, contacted with narrowly spaced graphene sheets as the source-drain electrodes. By analyzing several tens of junctions for each individual GNR type, we observe that the values of the output current display a width-dependent behavior, indicating electronic bandgaps in good agreement with the predicted theoretical values. These results provide insights into the link between the ribbon structure and the device properties, which are fundamental for the development of GNR-based electronics.Comment: Published in Carbon (2019

Photoelectrochemistry of Photosystem II in Vitro vs in Vivo.

Factors governing the photoelectrochemical output of photosynthetic microorganisms are poorly understood, and energy loss may occur due to inefficient electron transfer (ET) processes. Here, we systematically compare the photoelectrochemistry of photosystem II (PSII) protein-films to cyanobacteria biofilms to derive: (i) the losses in light-to-charge conversion efficiencies, (ii) gains in photocatalytic longevity, and (iii) insights into the ET mechanism at the biofilm interface. This study was enabled by the use of hierarchically structured electrodes, which could be tailored for high/stable loadings of PSII core complexes and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells. The mediated photocurrent densities generated by the biofilm were 2 orders of magnitude lower than those of the protein-film. This was partly attributed to a lower photocatalyst loading as the rate of mediated electron extraction from PSII in vitro is only double that of PSII in vivo. On the other hand, the biofilm exhibited much greater longevity (>5 days) than the protein-film (<6 h), with turnover numbers surpassing those of the protein-film after 2 days. The mechanism of biofilm electrogenesis is suggested to involve an intracellular redox mediator, which is released during light irradiation

Fabrication of three terminal devices by ElectroSpray deposition of graphene nanoribbons

Electrospray deposition (ESD) in ambient conditions has been used to deposit graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) dispersed in liquid phase on different types of substrates, including ones suitable for electrical transport. The deposition process was controlled and optimized by using Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Probe Microscopies and Scanning Electron Microscopy. When deposited on graphitic electrodes, GNRs were used as semi-conducting channel in three terminal devices showing gate tunability of the electrical current. These results suggest that ESD technique can be used as an effective tool to deposit chemically synthesized GNRs onto substrates of interest for technological applications

Monomeric Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase Induces Insulin Sensitive Obesity

Obesity is associated with macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue, which may link adipose inflammation to insulin resistance. However, the impact of inflammatory cells in the pathophysiology of obesity remains unclear

Multivalent Recognition of bis- and tris-Zn-porphyrins by N-methylimidazole functionalized gold nanoparticles

N-Methylimidazole-functionalized gold nanoparticles behave as multivalent ligands for porphyrin arrays with an increase in binding strength of up to three order of magnitude with respect to a monovalent system

Valutazione delle caratteristiche fisiche chimiche e batteriologiche dei fanghi prodotti da alcuni impianti di depurazione di liquami urbani dell'Emilia ai fini di una eventuale utilizzazione agricola

caratterizzazione delle caratteristiche fisiche chimiche e batteriologiche dei fanghi prodotti da alcuni impianti di depurazione di liquami urbani dell'Emilia ai fini di una eventuale utilizzazione agricol