8 research outputs found

    The evolutionary history of the SAL1 gene family in eutherian mammals

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>SAL1 (salivary lipocalin) is a member of the OBP (Odorant Binding Protein) family and is involved in chemical sexual communication in pig. SAL1 and its relatives may be involved in pheromone and olfactory receptor binding and in pre-mating behaviour. The evolutionary history and the selective pressures acting on SAL1 and its orthologous genes have not yet been exhaustively described. The aim of the present work was to study the evolution of these genes, to elucidate the role of selective pressures in their evolution and the consequences for their functions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we present the evolutionary history of SAL1 gene and its orthologous genes in mammals. We found that (1) SAL1 and its related genes arose in eutherian mammals with lineage-specific duplications in rodents, horse and cow and are lost in human, mouse lemur, bushbaby and orangutan, (2) the evolution of duplicated genes of horse, rat, mouse and guinea pig is driven by concerted evolution with extensive gene conversion events in mouse and guinea pig and by positive selection mainly acting on paralogous genes in horse and guinea pig, (3) positive selection was detected for amino acids involved in pheromone binding and amino acids putatively involved in olfactory receptor binding, (4) positive selection was also found for lineage, indicating a species-specific strategy for amino acid selection.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This work provides new insights into the evolutionary history of SAL1 and its orthologs. On one hand, some genes are subject to concerted evolution and to an increase in dosage, suggesting the need for homogeneity of sequence and function in certain species. On the other hand, positive selection plays a role in the diversification of the functions of the family and in lineage, suggesting adaptive evolution, with possible consequences for speciation and for the reinforcement of prezygotic barriers.</p

    Role of odorant-binding protein in the mechanism of olfactory transduction : implication of post-translationnal modification in the binding specificity with ligands

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    Les OBP sont des petites protĂ©ines solubles qui se lient avec des molĂ©cules odorantes et phĂ©romonales. Le rĂŽle des OBPs n’est pas complĂštement compris. Une hypothĂšse suggĂšre que l’OBP solubilise et transporte les ligands aux rĂ©cepteurs olfactifs et la liaison entre les molĂ©cules odorantes et l’OBP est non spĂ©cifique. Une autre hypothĂšse suggĂšre que le complexe formĂ© est une liaison spĂ©cifique entre une molĂ©cule odorante donnĂ©e et une OBP spĂ©cifique. Ce travail de thĂšse montre que les OBPs sont impliquĂ©es dans la premiĂšre Ă©tape de la discrimination des odeurs. Dans un premier temps, nous avons montrĂ© l’implication de la Phe35 et la Tyr 82 dans la sortie du ligand par l’OBP. Dans un second temps, nous avons mis en Ă©vidence la prĂ©sence de diffĂ©rentes isoformes d’OBP et de VEG qui diffĂšrent par les modifications post-traductionnelles (phosphorylation et GlcNAcylation) a la fois sur les protĂ©ines natives extraites de la muqueuse respiratoire et sur les protĂ©ines recombinantes produites par P.pastoris et CHO. Ces isoformes sont capables de discriminer des molĂ©cules odorantes et phĂ©romonales. Les OBPs ne sont pas des transporteurs passifs car elles assurent un fin codage des molĂ©cules odorantes ou phĂ©romonales avant l’interaction de ce complexe avec un rĂ©cepteur spĂ©cifique.OBPs are small soluble proteins that bind with odorant molecules and pheromones. The role of OBP is not completely understood. A hypothesis suggests that OBP solubilize and transport the ligands to olfactory receptors and the binding between odorant molecule and OBP is unspecific. An other hypothesis suggest that the complex formed is the specific binding between a given odorant molecule and a specific OBP. This work of thesis show that OBP are involved in the first step of odorant discrimination. Initially, we have showed the involvement of the Phe35 and Tyr 82 in the uptake of ligands by OBP. Second, we have given rise to the presence of various isoform of OBP and VEG that differ by post-translational modifications (phosphorylation and GlcNAcylation) both on natives proteins extract of respiratory mucosa and on recombinants proteins produce by P. pastoris and CHO. These isoforms are able to discriminate of odorant molecules and pheromones. OBPs are not passives carriers because they ensure a fine coding of odorant molecules and pheromones before interaction of this complex with specific receptor

    RÎle des odorants-binding protein dans le mécanisme de transduction olfactive (implication de modifications post-traductionnelles dynamiques dans la spécificité de liaison avec les ligands)

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    Les OBP sont des petites protéines solubles qui se lient avec des molécules odorantes et phéromonales. Le rÎle des OBPs n est pas complÚtement compris. Une hypothÚse suggÚre que l OBP solubilise et transporte les ligands aux récepteurs olfactifs et la liaison entre les molécules odorantes et l OBP est non spécifique. Une autre hypothÚse suggÚre que le complexe formé est une liaison spécifique entre une molécule odorante donnée et une OBP spécifique. Ce travail de thÚse montre que les OBPs sont impliquées dans la premiÚre étape de la discrimination des odeurs. Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré l implication de la Phe35 et la Tyr 82 dans la sortie du ligand par l OBP. Dans un second temps, nous avons mis en évidence la présence de différentes isoformes d OBP et de VEG qui diffÚrent par les modifications post-traductionnelles (phosphorylation et GlcNAcylation) a la fois sur les protéines natives extraites de la muqueuse respiratoire et sur les protéines recombinantes produites par P.pastoris et CHO. Ces isoformes sont capables de discriminer des molécules odorantes et phéromonales. Les OBPs ne sont pas des transporteurs passifs car elles assurent un fin codage des molécules odorantes ou phéromonales avant l interaction de ce complexe avec un récepteur spécifique.OBPs are small soluble proteins that bind with odorant molecules and pheromones. The role of OBP is not completely understood. A hypothesis suggests that OBP solubilize and transport the ligands to olfactory receptors and the binding between odorant molecule and OBP is unspecific. An other hypothesis suggest that the complex formed is the specific binding between a given odorant molecule and a specific OBP. This work of thesis show that OBP are involved in the first step of odorant discrimination. Initially, we have showed the involvement of the Phe35 and Tyr 82 in the uptake of ligands by OBP. Second, we have given rise to the presence of various isoform of OBP and VEG that differ by post-translational modifications (phosphorylation and GlcNAcylation) both on natives proteins extract of respiratory mucosa and on recombinants proteins produce by P. pastoris and CHO. These isoforms are able to discriminate of odorant molecules and pheromones. OBPs are not passives carriers because they ensure a fine coding of odorant molecules and pheromones before interaction of this complex with specific receptor.TOURS-Bibl.électronique (372610011) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Phosphorylation of native porcine olfactory binding proteins

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    Nagnan-Le Meillour: agent mis Ă  disposition par l'unitĂ© INRA 1197.International audienceThe identification of various isoforms of olfactory binding proteins is of major importance to elucidate their involvement in detection of pheromones and other odors. Here, we report the characterization of the phosphorylation of OBP (odorant binding protein) and Von Ebner’s gland protein (VEG) from the pig, Sus scrofa. After labeling with specific antibodies raised against the three types of phosphorylation (Ser, Thr, Tyr), the phosphate-modified residues were mapped by using the beta-elimination followed by Michael addition of dithiothreitol (BEMAD) method. Eleven phosphorylation sites were localized in the pOBP sequence and nine sites in the VEG sequence. OBPs are secreted by Bowman’s gland cells in the extracellular mucus lining the nasal cavity. After tracking the secretion pathway in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of these cells, we hypothesize that these proteins may be phosphorylated by ectokinases that remain to be characterized. The existence of such a regulatory mechanism theoretically increases the number of OBP variants, and it suggests a more specific role for OBPs in odorant coding than the one of odorant solubilizer and transporter

    Identification et rÎle fonctionnel des acides aminés sous sélection positive des Odorant Binding Proteins: implication dans la spéciation

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    Identification et rĂŽle fonctionnel des acides aminĂ©s sous sĂ©lection positive des Odorant Binding Proteins: implication dans la spĂ©ciation. JournĂ©es d’Animation des CrĂ©dits Incitatifs du DĂ©partement de Physiologie Animale et SystĂšmes d’Elevage (JACI Phase
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