IGFBP-rP1, a potential molecule associated with colon cancer differentiation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein1 (IGFBP-rP1) played its potential tumor suppressor role in colon cancer cells through apoptosis and senescence induction. In this study, we will further uncover the role of IGFBP-rP1 in colon cancer differentiation and a possible mechanism by revealing responsible genes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In normal colon epithelium, immunohistochemistry staining detected a gradient IGFBP-rP1 expression along the axis of the crypt. IGFBP-rP1 strongly expressed in the differentiated cells at the surface of the colon epithelium, while weakly expressed at the crypt base. In colon cancer tissues, the expression of IGFBP-rP1 correlated positively with the differentiation status. IGFBP-rP1 strongly expressed in low grade colorectal carcinoma and weakly expressed in high grade colorectal carcinoma. In vitro, transfection of PcDNA3.1(IGFBP-rP1) into RKO, SW620 and CW2 cells induced a more pronounced anterior-posterior polarity morphology, accompanied by upregulation with alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity. Upregulation of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) was also observed in SW620 and CW2 transfectants. The addition of IGFBP-rP1 protein into the medium could mimic most but not all effects of IGFBP-rP1 cDNA transfection. Seventy-eight reproducibly differentially expressed genes were detected in PcDNA3.1(IGFBP-rP1)-RKO transfectants, using Affymetrix 133 plus 2.0 expression chip platform. Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of the enriched GO categories demonstrated that differential expression of the enzyme regulator activity genes together with cytoskeleton and actin binding genes were significant. IGFBP-rP1 could upreguate Transgelin (TAGLN), downregulate SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9(campomelic dysplasia, autosomal sex-reversal) (SOX9), insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (p15, inhibits CDK4) (CDKN2B), amphiregulin(schwannoma-derived growth factor) (AREG) and immediate early response 5-like(IER5L) in RKO, SW620 and CW2 colon cancer cells, verified by Real time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rtRT-PCR). During sodium butyrate-induced Caco2 cell differentiation, IGFBP-rP1 was upregulated and the expression showed significant correlation with the AKP activity. The downregulation of IRS1 and SOX9 were also induced by sodium butyrate.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>IGFBP-rP1 was a potential key molecule associated with colon cancer differentiation. Downregulation of IRS1 and SOX9 may the possible key downstream genes involved in the process.</p

A Study on the Fish Diversity of Sanhuanpao Wetland in Heilongjiang Province

The current situation of fish in Sanhuanpao Wetland was investigated for the first time in this paper. In May (Spring), July (summer), September (autumn) 2016, it was sampled three times for investigation, and based on the investigation data about the fish caught by net 45 times in 9 sampling points, the species composition of fish community in the water was analyzed. The results showed that a total of 12 fish species were caught in this investigation, belonging to 4 orders, 6 families and 12 genera. There were 5 fish species for Cyprinidae, accounting for 41.7% of total species, followed by Cobitidae with 3 species, accounting for 25% of total species; Siluridae, Esocidae, Eleotridae and Channidae each had 1 species, accounting for 8.3% of total species. The fish with index of relative importance (IRI) greater than 1000 is the dominant species, and it was calculated that the dominant species were Carassius auratus gibelio, Rhynchocypris percnurus, Misgurnus mohoity, Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, and Perccottus glenii. In this paper, based on the number of individuals, by calculating Margalcf abundance index (D), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and Pielou evenness index (J') for the fish in the water, the current situation of fish resources in Sanhuanpao Wetland was analyzed and the corresponding protection recommendations were put forward

Current Development and Prospects of Pond Smelt (Hypomesus olidus) Farming Industry in China

The pond smelt (Hypomesus olidus), originally transplanted from North Korea, was introduced to China in 1938 and gradually distributed to various areas of China. The pond smelt was the first fish species introduced to the water of China. It not only has the function of protecting water quality, and also has high economic and nutritional values which are helpful for diversifying the fishery productive activities of China. The present review analyzed the transplantation and production status of pond smelt in China, described the key situations and factors influencing the establishment and current level of aquaculture development. Since its introduction, the pond smelt transplantation in China was distributed in Northeast of China. From the 1980s, reservoirs and lakes all over China began to transplant pond smelt, and the transplantation of pond smelt went into the outbreak period. In order to improve the efficiency of transplantation, scientific and technical personnel studied the simple and practical technology of artificial breeding and transplantation, the medicine for preventing and controlling saprolegniasis which often leads to death of fertilized eggs. To meet the demand of market, more and more pond smelt processing products have been studied and developed, such as grilled, milk flavor, fish sauce, ham-sausage, and brew vinegar of pond smelt. The pond smelt farming in China has broad prospects development, yet there are also challenges to overcome. It is recommended to take proper policies for pond smelt development, strengthen pond smelt scientific research, transplantation technology training, establish pond smelt fisheries association, support dominant enterprises, and implement brand strategy

Fatigue life of C-FRCM strengthened corroded RC continuous beams under multi-intervention system

A new fatigue life prediction model for reinforced concrete (RC) beams is proposed. The model was applied to carbon-fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (C-FRCM) strengthened corroded RC beams under the impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) and structural strengthening (SS) multi-intervention system. The stress development of steel bar in the fatigue process was captured by employing the fracture mechanics and finite element (FE) analysis. The concept of equivalent initial flaw size (EIFS) was also introduced to account for the actual initial micro crack size of steel bar. The feasibility of the model was validated through comparisons of the numerical deflection, the strain of steel bar and fatigue life of RC beams against the test results. The validated model was then used to examine the effects of key parameters including load level, corrosion degree of steel bar and polarization degree of C-FRCM. Furthermore, the results of the parametric study were used to fit S-N curve and analyse the reliability. The high accuracy of the model was shown to be suitable for the fatigue life prediction of ICCP-SS system in long-term service. It was also found that the fatigue life of the corroded RC beams was greatly improved through strengthening with C-FRCM

Peripheral immune factors aiding clinical parameter for better early recurrence prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma after thermal ablation

AbstractObjectives Current predictors are largely unsatisfied for early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after thermal ablation. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of peripheral immune factors (PIFs) for better ER prediction of HCC after thermal ablation.Methods Patients who received peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) tests before thermal ablation were included. Clinical parameters and 18 PIFs were selected to construct ModelClin, ModelPIFs and the hybrid ModelPIFs-Clin. Model performances were evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests.Results 244 patients were included and were randomly divided in 3:1 ratio to discovery and validation cohorts. Clinical parameters including tumor size and AFP, and PIFs including neutrophils, platelets, CD3+CD16+CD56+ NKT and CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes were selected. The ModelPIFs-Clin showed increase in predictive performance compared with ModelClin, with the AUC improved from 0.664 (95%CI:0.588–0.740) to 0.801 (95%CI:0.734–0.867) in discovery cohort (p < 0.0001), and from 0.645 (95%CI:0.510–0.781) to 0.737(95%CI:0.608–0.865) in validation cohort (p = 0.1006). ModelPIFs-Clin enabled ER risk stratification of patients. Patients predicted in ModelPIFs-Clin high-risk subgroup had a poor RFS compared with those predicted as ModelPIFs-Clin low-risk subgroup, with the median RFS was 18.00 month versus 100.78 month in discovery cohort (p < 0.0001); and 24.00 month versus 60.35 month in validation cohort (p = 0.288). Patients in different risk subgroups exhibited distinct peripheral immune contexture.Conclusions Peripheral immune cells aiding clinical parameters boosted the prediction ability for ER of HCC after thermal ablation, which be helpful for pre-ablation ER risk stratification

Study on the Changes in Immobilized Petroleum&ndash;Degrading Bacteria Beads in a Continuous Bioreactor Related to Physicochemical Performance, Degradation Ability, and Microbial Community

Continuous bioreactors for petroleum degradation and the effect factors of these bioreactors have rarely been mentioned in studies. In addition, indigenous bacteria living in seawater could influence the performance of continuous bioreactors with respect to petroleum degradation in practice. In this paper, a bioreactor fitted with immobilized petroleum&ndash;degrading bacteria beads was designed for further research. The results indicated that the diesel degradation rate of the bioreactor could remain above 50% over 27 days, while degradation performance decreased with bioremediation time. Intriguingly, the diameters of immobilized petroleum&ndash;degrading bacteria beads were reduced by 32.49% after 45 days remediation compared with the initial size of the immobilized petroleum&ndash;degrading bacteria beads. Change in immobilized petroleum&ndash;degrading bacteria beads was considered to correlate remarkably with reduced degradation efficiency. Therefore, this paper will be helpful for further study and improvement of bioreactors in the practical context of oil-spill accident recovery