An Empirical Study on Zero Address Terms Among Chinese College Students

Chinese address terms are the basis of interpersonal communication. On the one hand, a conversation usually begins with address terms which play a important role. On the other hand, choosing different address terms represents the different tone the speaker wants to express. Therefore, accurate and appropriate use of address terms is one of the important symbols of successful communication. However, using zero address terms is still very common because we don’t know how to address appropriately in some occasions. This paper aims to study the common types of zero address terms usage among university students, and try to summarize the main reasons. This study is based on daily conversations of college students in four common campus scenes which are office building, study building, store and playground. The following findings are obtained in this study. There are five common types of zero address terms phenomenon. They are polite expression, personal pronoun, no expression, onomatopoeia and body language. There are three main reasons for using zero address terms. They are occasion, interpersonal purpose and social development.

ERSVC: An Efficient Routing Scheme for Satellite Constellation Adapting Vector Composition

AbstractCompared with GEO and MEO satellites, LEO satellite constellation is able to provide low-latency, broadband communications which is difficult to be provided by the GEO or MEO satellites. However, one of the challenges in LEO constellation is the development of an efficient and specialized routing scheme. This paper takes transmission rate and data transmission time into consideration, and proposes ERSVC, an efficient routing scheme for satellite constellation adapting vector composition. ERSVC reduces routing table computation complexity, and saves restricted satellite resources. By adapting vector composition method, the amount of data flowing into satellite constellation is maximized while the data traffic is well controlled. Correlative and comprehensive simulation indicates that ERSVC is superior to existing schemes for LEO satellite constellation, especially in balancing data flow

Analgesic effect and safety of postoperative low-dose ketamine/midazolam combination vis-à-vis dexmedetomidine in non-cardiac surgery

Purpose: To compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of use of postoperative low-dose parenteral ketamine/midazolam combination, and postoperative parenteral dexmedetomidine in major non-cardiac surgeries.Methods: Major non-cardiac surgeries were performed in patients under propofol/morphine anesthesia. After the surgeries, patients received low-dose of ketamine with midazolam (KM cohort, n = 115), dexmedetomidine (DEX cohort, n = 112), or paracetamol infusion (PL cohort, n = 148). When visual analog scale score was > 4 in a resting condition, 3 mg bolus intravenous morphine was administered. Data for total morphine requirements and treatment-emergent adverse effects (within 2 days of postoperative treatment) were collected and analyzed.Results: Thirty-eight patients from KM cohort, 55 patients from DEX cohort, and 109 patients from PL cohort required 3 mg bolus intravenous morphine for postoperative pain management. Patients from KM cohort had nausea, vomiting, blurred vision,  dizziness, and hallucinations, while patients in DEX cohort experienced headache and bradycardia post-surgery. Patients in PL cohort reported drossiness, constipation, urinary retention, and dry mouth.Conclusion: Postoperative low doses of ketamine + midazolam and dexmedetomidine are effective for postoperative pain management, and they produce low adverse effects.&nbsp

Effect of regional versus general anaesthesia on postoperative opioid consumption, clinical outcomes and cognitive function in Chinese patients undergoing metastatic cancer surgery

Purpose: To compare postoperative opioid consumption, inflammatory biomarkers, cognitive function and safety profile of regional anesthesia (RA) versus general anesthesia (GA) in Chinese patients undergoing metastatic cancer surgery.Method: Chinese patients undergoing metastatic cancer surgery were enrolled and received either RA or GA) in allocation ratio of 1:1. The following efficacy variables were assessed: 1) pain score was measured on VAS scale; 2) post-operative consumption; 3) inflammatory biomarkers; 4) cognitive function; 5) clinical outcomes. Safety was also assessed.Results: Data for a total of 220 patients were analyzed. Compared to GA alone, the combination of RA and GA demonstrated significantly greater reduction in post-operative pain with decreased postoperative opioid consumption. Also, RA/GA combination inhibited inflammatory response when compared to patients who received GA only, indicating that RA + GA improved immune response in patient undergoing surgical intervention. The severity of signs and symptoms of dementia were similar at baseline visit (p > 0.05). Patients of RA/GA group had significantly greater relief in signs and symptoms of dementia/cognitive impairment, when compared to the GA-treated patients (p < 0.05). However, incidence of complications (including adverse events) was comparable for both groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, RA/GA was also associated with shorter length of hospital stay, compared to GA.Conclusion: RA/GA combination demonstrates significantly greater improvement in the level of clinical outcomes, decreases postoperative opioid consumption, and improves cognitive functions when compared to GA in Chinese patients undergoing metastatic cancer surgery

Influence of Melatonin on Cerebrovascular Proinflammatory Mediators Expression and Oxidative Stress Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits

The aim of this study is to analyze whether melatonin administration influenced the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, proinflammatory cytokines expression, and oxidative response in the basilar artery after SAH. A total of 48 rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control group, SAH group, SAH + vehicle group, and SAH + melatonin group. All SAH animals were subjected to injection of autologous blood into cisterna magna twice on day 0 and day 2. The melatonin was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg/kg/12 h simultaneously with SAH from day 0 to day 5. The basilar arteries were extracted on day 5 after SAH. As a result, we found that vascular inflammation and oxidative stress were induced in all SAH animals. In animals given melatonin, basilar arterial NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines were decreased in comparison to vehicle-treated animals. Measures of oxidative stress also showed significant downregulation after melatonin treatment. Furthermore, administration of melatonin prevented vasospasm on day 5 following SAH. In conclusion, post-SAH melatonin administration may attenuate inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the spasmodic artery, and this may be one mechanism involved in the therapeutic effect of melatonin on the subsequent vasospasm after SAH

In-situ synthesis of interconnected SWCNT/OMC framework on silicon nanoparticles for high performance lithium-ion batteries

AbstractIn spite of silicon has a superior theoretical capacity, the large volume expansion of Si anodes during Li+ insertion/extraction is the bottle neck that results in fast capacity fading and poor cycling performance. In this paper, we report a silicon, single-walled carbon nanotube, and ordered mesoporous carbon nanocomposite synthesized by an evaporation-induced self-assembly process, in which silicon nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes were added into the phenolic resol with F-127 for co-condensation. The ordered mesoporous carbon matrix and single-walled carbon nanotubes network could effectively accommodate the volume change of silicon nanoparticles, and the ordered mesoporous structure could also provide efficient channels for the fast transport of Li-ions. As a consequence, this hybrid material exhibits a reversible capacity of 861 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at a current density of 400 mA g−1. It achieves significant improvement in the electrochemical performance when compared with the raw materials and Si nanoparticle anodes

Di-μ-benzoato-κ3 O,O′:O;κ3 O:O,O′-bis­[aqua­(nitrato-κO)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)lead(II)]

The title compound, [Pb2(C7H5O2)2(NO3)2(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2], crystallizes as a dinuclear centrosymmetric dimer containing two PbII atoms bridged by two benzoate ligands. Each PbII atom is seven-coordinated by a water mol­ecule, a nitrate anion, a 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand and two benzoate anions. The crystal packing is stabilized by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and by π–π stacking between neighboring phen ligands, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.557 (3) Å