Multiband Emission from Pulsar Wind Nebulae: A Possible Injection Spectrum

A recent research shows that particles with a spectrum of a relativistic Maxwellian plus a high-energy tail can be accelerated by relativistic collisionless shocks. We investigate the possibility of the high-energy particles with this new spectrum injected in pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) from the terminate shock based on the study of multiwavelength emission from PWNe.} {The dynamics of a supernova remnant (SNR) and multiband nonthermal emission from the PWN inside the remnant are investigated using a dynamical model with electrons/positrons injected with the new spectrum. In this model, the dynamical and radiative evolution of a pulsar wind nebula in a non-radiative supernova remnant can be self-consistently described.} {This model is applied to the three composite SNRs, G0.9+0.1, MSH 15-52, G338.3-0.0, and the multiband observed emission from the three PWNe can be well reproduced.} {Our studies on the three remnant provide evidence for the new spectrum of the particles, which are accelerated by the terminate shock, injected into a PWN.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted by A&

Effective SU(2)_L x U(1) theory and the Higgs boson mass

We assume the stability of vacuum under radiative corrections in the context of the standard electroweak theory. We find that this theory behaves as a good effective model already at cut off energy scales as low as 0.7 TeV. This stability criterion allows to predict m_H= 318 +- 13 GeV for the Higgs boson mass.Comment: Latex, 5 pages, 1 Postscript figure include

Determination of f+K(0)f_+^K(0) and Extraction of ∣Vcs∣|V_{cs}| from Semileptonic DD Decays

By globally analyzing all existing measured branching fractions and partial rates in different four momentum transfer-squared $q^2$ bins of $D\to Ke^+\nu_e$ decays, we obtain the product of the form factor and magnitude of CKM matrix element $V_{cs}$ to be $f_+^K(0)|V_{cs}|=0.717\pm0.004$. With this product, we determine the $D\to K$ semileptonic form factor $f_+^K(0)=0.737\pm0.004\pm0.000$ in conjunction with the value of $|V_{cs}|$ determined from the SM global fit. Alternately, with the product together with the input of the form factor $f_+^K(0)$ calculated in lattice QCD recently, we extract $|V_{cs}|^{D\to Ke^+\nu_e}=0.962\pm0.005\pm0.014$, where the error is still dominated by the uncertainty of the form factor calculated in lattice QCD. Combining the $|V_{cs}|^{D_s^+\to\ell^+\nu_\ell}=1.012\pm0.015\pm0.009$ extracted from all existing measurements of $D^+_s\to\ell^+\nu_\ell$ decays and $|V_{cs}|^{D\to Ke^+\nu_e}=0.962\pm0.005\pm0.014$ together, we find the most precisely determined $|V_{cs}|$ to be $|V_{cs}|=0.983\pm0.011$, which improves the accuracy of the PDG'2014 value $|V_{cs}|^{\rm PDG'2014}=0.986\pm0.016$ by $45\%$

The radial abundance gradient of oxygen towards the Galactic anticentre

We present deep optical spectroscopy of eight HII regions located in the anticentre of the Milky Way. The spectra were obtained at the 10.4m GTC and 8.2m VLT. We determined Te([NII]) for all objects and Te([OIII]) for six of them. We also included in our analysis an additional sample of 13 inner-disc Galactic Hii regions from the literature that have excellent T_e determinations. We adopted the same methodology and atomic dataset to determine the physical conditions and ionic abundances for both samples. We also detected the CII and OII optical recombination lines in Sh 2-100, which enables determination of the abundance discrepancy factor for this object. We found that the slopes of the radial oxygen gradients defined by the HII regions from R_25 (= 11.5 kpc) to 17 kpc and those within R_25 are similar within the uncertainties, indicating the absence of flattening in the radial oxygen gradient in the outer Milky Way. In general, we found that the scatter of the O/H ratios of Hii regions is not substantially larger than the observational uncertainties. The largest possible local inhomogeneities of the oxygen abundances are of the order of 0.1 dex. We also found positive radial gradients in Te([O III]) and Te([N II]) across the Galactic disc. The shapes of these temperature gradients are similar and also consistent with the absence of flattening of the metallicity distribution in the outer Galactic disc.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

A relativistic calculation of super-Hubble suppression of inflation with thermal dissipation

We investigated the evolution of the primordial density perturbations produced by inflation with thermal dissipation. A full relativistic analysis on the evolution of initial perturbations from the warm inflation era to a radiation-dominated universe has been developed. The emphasis is on tracking the ratio between the adiabatic and the isocurvature mode of the initial perturbations. This result is employed to calculate a testable factor: the super-Hubble suppression of the power spectrum of the primordial perturbations. We show that based on the warm inflation scenario, the super-Hubble suppression factor, $s$, for an inflation with thermal dissipation is at least 0.5. This prediction does not depend on the details of the model parameters. If $s$ is larger than 0.5, it implies that the friction parameter $\Gamma$ is larger than the Hubble expansion parameter $H$ during the inflation era.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, use RevTex, accepted by Class. Quant. Gra

The Economic Impact of the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act in Clark County, Nevada – Preliminary Findings

Objective. The primary purpose of this exploratory study was to quantitatively evaluate the economic impact of the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act (NCIAA) on businesses in Clark County. Methods. The goal of this research was to assess economic indicators over a ten year period utilizing measurable data points, including restaurant and drinking establishment employment rates, taxable sales, openings and closings, as well as slot gaming revenues. This ten year time period consisted of a seven year span prior to the enactment of the NCIAA, and three years post enactment. Researchers conceived this study as a means to independently evaluate and address the potential economic impact of a smoke-free law in a region dependent upon tourism and gaming. Results. Economic indicators did in fact decrease after the NCIAA was enforced but most of the declining trends began prior to the passage of the smoke-free act and are consistent with downward trends in other, non-NCIAA affected segments of our economy. Conclusion. The overall findings of this study are consistent with similar non-tobacco industry supported economic studies showing little or no statistically significant downward economic trends after passage of smoke-free legislation

Fokker-Planck type equations with Sobolev diffusion coefficients and BV drift coefficients

In this paper we give an affirmative answer to an open question mentioned in [Le Bris and Lions, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 33 (2008), 1272--1317], that is, we prove the well-posedness of the Fokker-Planck type equations with Sobolev diffusion coefficients and BV drift coefficients.Comment: 11 pages. The proof has been modifie

The origin of scale-scale correlations of the density perturbations during inflation

We show that scale-scale correlations are a generic feature of slow-roll inflation theories. These correlations result from the long-time tails characteristic of the time dependent correlations because the long wavelength density perturbation modes are diffusion-like. A relationship between the scale-scale correlations and time-correlations is established providing a way to reveal the time correlations of the perturbations during inflation. This mechanism provides for a testable prediction that the scale-scale correlations at two different spatial points will vanish.Comment: Accepted for publication, International Journal of Modern Physics, vol. 8 No.6 (Dec 1999

Magnetotransport with two occupied subbands in a Si(100) inversion layer

We have studied an electron transport in inversion layers of high-mobility Si(100) samples. At high electron concentrations and temperatures below 4.2 K, two series of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations have been observed. The temperature damping of the second series oscillations indicates that the second occupied subband belongs to the first energy level of the fourfold-degenerate ladder $0'$. Samples with two occupied subbans exhibit a strong anomalous negative magnetoresitance, reaching $\rm \approx 25 \%$ of a zero field value at $B =$ 12 T. The resistance decrease is more pronounced for lower temperatures and higher electron concentrations. We explain this behaviour by an increase of the second subband mobility due to the freezing-out of the scattering of $0'$ electrons. Based on the measured periods of SdH oscillations, we conclude that the electrons are distributed inhomogeneously beneath the sample gate.Comment: 4 pages. RevTex text and 4 PostScript figures in a single tar-compressed file produced by 'uufiles