32,920 research outputs found
ALTKAL: An optimum linear filter for GEOS-3 altimeter data
ALTKAL is a computer program designed to smooth sea surface height data obtained from the GEOS 3 altimeter, and to produce minimum variance estimates of sea surface height and sea surface slopes, along with their standard derivations. The program operates by processing the data through a Kalman filter in both the forward and backward directions, and optimally combining the results. The sea surface height signal is considered to have a geoid signal, modeled by a third order Gauss-Markov process, corrupted by additive white noise. The governing parameters for the signal and noise processes are the signal correlation length and the signal-to-noise ratio. Mathematical derivations of the filtering and smoothing algorithms are presented. The smoother characteristics are illustrated by giving the frequency response, the data weighting sequence and the transfer function of a realistic steady-state smoother example. Based on nominal estimates for geoidal undulation amplitude and correlation length, standard deviations for the estimated sea surface height and slope are 12 cm and 3 arc seconds, respectively
First-passage theory of exciton population loss in single-walled carbon nanotubes reveals micron-scale intrinsic diffusion lengths
One-dimensional crystals have long range translational invariance which
manifests as long exciton diffusion lengths, but such intrinsic properties are
often obscured by environmental perturbations. We use a first-passage approach
to model single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) exciton dynamics (including
exciton-exciton annihilation and end effects) and compare it to results from
both continuous-wave and multi-pulse ultrafast excitation experiments to
extract intrinsic SWCNT properties. Excitons in suspended SWCNTs experience
macroscopic diffusion lengths, on the order of the SWCNT length, (1.3-4.7 um)
in sharp contrast to encapsulated samples. For these pristine samples, our
model reveals intrinsic lifetimes (350-750 ps), diffusion constants (130-350
cm^2/s), and absorption cross-sections (2.1-3.6 X 10^-17 cm^2/atom) among the
highest previously reported.and diffusion lengths for SWCNTs.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Hard photon flow and photon-photon correlation in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions
Hard photons emitted from energetic heavy ion collisions are very interesting
since they do not experience nuclear interaction, and therefore they are useful
to explore properties of nuclear matter. We investigated hard photon production
and its properties in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions with the help of
the Blotzmann-Uehling-Ulenbeck model. Two components of hard photons are
discussed: direct and thermal. The positive directed flow parameter and
negative elliptic flow parameter of direct photons are demonstrated and they
are anti-correlated to the flows of free protons. The dependencies of hard
photon production and anisotropic parameters on impact parameter, beam energy,
nuclear equation of state and symmetry energy are also discussed. Furthermore,
we investigated the two-photon momentum correlation function from which the
space-time structure information of the photon source could be extracted as
well as the two-photon azimuthal correlation which could provide another good
method to determine the elliptic flow parameter of direct hard photons.Comment: 13 pages, 18 figure
Isospin effect in the statistical sequential decay
Isospin effect of the statistical emission fragments from the equilibrated
source is investigated in the frame of statistical binary decay implemented
into GEMINI code, isoscaling behavior is observed and the dependences of
isoscaling parameters and on emission fragment size, source
size, source isospin asymmetry and excitation energies are studied. Results
show that and neither depends on light fragment size nor on
source size. A good linear dependence of and on the inverse of
temperature is manifested and the relationship of
and
from different
isospin asymmetry sources are satisfied. The symmetry energy coefficient
extracted from simulation results is 23 MeV which includes
both the volume and surface term contributions, of which the surface effect
seems to play a significant role in the symmetry energy.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures; A new substantially modified version which has
been accepted by the Physical Review
Exact analytical solution of average path length for Apollonian networks
The exact formula for the average path length of Apollonian networks is
found. With the help of recursion relations derived from the self-similar
structure, we obtain the exact solution of average path length, ,
for Apollonian networks. In contrast to the well-known numerical result
[Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{94}, 018702
(2005)], our rigorous solution shows that the average path length grows
logarithmically as in the infinite limit of network
size . The extensive numerical calculations completely agree with our
closed-form solution.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
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