Optimiranje podloge za uzgoj i sastava aminokiselina u miceliju gljive Pleurotus cornucopiae SD-01 obogaćenog kromom

Chromium(III) is an essential trace element for humans and animals. Pleutorus cornucopiae SD-01 is a nutritional and functional mushroom containing many kinds of bioactive ingredients. The aims of this work are to optimize the conditions of P. cornucopiae SD-01 cultivation with Cr enrichment in submerged culture by determining the dry cell mass, Cr content in mycelia and the rate of Cr enrichment, and to analyze the amino acid composition of Cr-enriched mycelia. The optimal medium contained (in g/L): potato 200, sucrose 25, yeast extract 4, KH2PO4 1 and MgSO4·7H2O 1. The optimum parameters of liquid culture were temperature 25 °C, cultivation time 6 days, the volume of the medium 100 mL, rotation speed 160 rpm and initial pH=6.5. Under the optimized conditions, the values of the dry cell mass, Cr content in mycelia and the rate of Cr enrichment were (6.63±0.35) g/L, (3670±211) μg/g and (12.15±1.01) % respectively, which were by (23.23±1.22), (18.19±1.06) and (45.68±2.67) % respectively, higher than those in the control. Chromium(III) in Cr-enriched mycelia was mainly combined with protein and polysaccharide. The contents of total amino acids and essential amino acids in Cr-enriched mycelia were increased by (31.25±0.58) and (44.26±0.76) %, respectively.Trovalentni je krom esencijalni element u tragovima, potreban za rast ljudi i životinja. Pleurotus cornucopiae SD-01 hranjiva je gljiva funkcionalnih svojstava, koja sadrži mnoge bioaktivne komponente. Svrha je ovoga rada bila optimirati uvjete uzgoja P. cornucopiae SD-01 u podlozi obogaćenoj kromom, i to određivanjem suhe stanične mase, udjela kroma u miceliju i stupnja obogaćivanja micelija, te analizirati aminokiselinski sastav micelija obogaćenog kromom. Optimalni sastav podloge bio je (u g/L): krumpir 200, saharoza 25, kvaščev ekstrakt 4, KH2PO4 1 i MgSO4·7H2O 1. Utvrđeni su optimalni parametri rasta: temperatura 25 °C, vrijeme uzgoja 6 dana, volumen podloge 100 mL, brzina rotacije 160 rpm i početni pH=6,5. U tim su uvjetima dobivene sljedeće vrijednosti: suha stanična masa od (6,63±0,35) g/L, veća za (23,23±1,22) %; udio kroma u miceliju od (3670±211) mg/g, veći za (18,19±1,06) % i stupanj obogaćivanja micelija kromom od (12,15±1,01) %, što je za (45,68±2,67) % više nego u kontrolnom uzorku. Utvrđeno je da se trovalentni krom u miceliju uglavnom veže za proteine i ugljikohidrate. Ukupni se udio aminokiselina u takvom obogaćenom miceliju povećao za (31,25±0,58) %, a udio esencijalnih aminokiselina za (44,26±0,76) %

Ethyl 1-(4-chloro­benz­yl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C19H17ClN2O2, the pyrazole ring makes dihedral angles of 6.97 (5) and 79.25 (1)°, respectively, with the phenyl and chlorophenyl rings, respectively. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed

(μ-Ethane-1,1,2,2-tetra­carboxyl­ato)bis­[tetra­aqua­manganese(II)]

In the centrosymmetric title molecule, [Mn2(C6H2O8)(H2O)8], the MnII atom is in an octa­hedral environment coordinated by six O-atom donors from water mol­ecules and ethane-1,1,2,2-tetra­carboxyl­ate ligands. The crystal structure features a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network based on a strong and distinctive pattern of O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions

Salvianolic Acid B Prevents Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Vivo and Enhances Its Anticancer Activity In Vitro

Clinical attempts to reduce the cardiotoxicity of arsenic trioxide (ATO) without compromising its anticancer activities remain to be an unresolved issue. In this study, we determined whether Sal B can protect against ATO-induced cardiac toxicity in vivo and increase the toxicity of ATO toward cancer cells. Combination treatment of Sal B and ATO was investigated using BALB/c mice and human hepatoma (HepG2) cells and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. The results showed that the combination treatment significantly improved the ATO-induced loss of cardiac function, attenuated damage of cardiomyocytic structure, and suppressed the ATO-induced release of cardiac enzymes into serum in BALB/c mouse models. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and p-Akt in the mice treated with ATO alone were reduced, whereas those in the mice given the combination treatment were similar to those in the control mice. Moreover, the combination treatment significantly enhanced the ATO-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis of HepG2 cells and HeLa cells. Increases in apoptotic marker cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and decreases in procaspase-3 expressions were observed through western blot. Taken together, these observations indicate that the combination treatment of Sal B and ATO is potentially applicable for treating cancer with reduced cardiotoxic side effects

Synergism and rules from combination of Baicalin, Jasminoidin and Desoxycholic acid in refined Qing Kai Ling for treat ischemic stroke mice model.

Refined Qing-Kai-Ling (QKL), a modified Chinese medicine, consists of three main ingredients (Baicalin, Jasminoidin and Desoxycholic acid), plays a synergistic effect on the treatment of the acute stage of ischemic stroke. However, the rules of the combination and synergism are still unknown. Based on the ischemic stroke mice model, all different kinds of combination of Baicalin, Jasminoidin, and Desoxycholic acid were investigated by the methods of neurological examination, microarray, and genomics analysis. As a result, it confirmed that the combination of three drugs offered a better therapeutical effect on ischemic stroke than monotherapy of each drug. Additionally, we used Ingenuity pathway Analysis (IPA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to extract the dominant information of expression changes in 373 ischemia-related genes. The results suggested that 5 principal components (PC1-5) could account for more than 95% energy in the gene data. Moreover, 3 clusters (PC1, PC2+PC5, and PC3+PC4) were addressed with cluster analysis. Furthermore, we matched PCs on the drug-target networks, the findings demonstrated that Baicalin related with PC1 that played the leading role in the combination; Jasminoidin related with PC2+PC5 that played a compensatory role; while Desoxycholic acid had the least performance alone which could relate with PC3+PC4 that played a compatible role. These manifestations were accorded with the principle of herbal formulae of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), emperor-minister-adjuvant-courier. In conclusion, we firstly provided scientific evidence to the classic theory of TCM formulae, an initiating holistic viewpoint of combination therapy of TCM. This study also illustrated that PCA might be an applicable method to analyze the complicated data of drug combination

In Vitro Activity of Plant Extracts and Alkaloids against Clinical Isolates of Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Strains

The antibacterial activity of 80% ethanol extracts of 10 medicinal plants collected in Yunnan (Southwest China), was tested against clinical isolates of extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. Their MIC values ranged between 1.56–12.50 mg/mL. The most active plant extract was Chelidonium majus L. (MIC = 1.56 mg/mL). Two potent isoquinoline alkaloids, 8-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine and 8-hydroxydihydrochelerythrine, were identified as the major active principles through bioassay-guided fractionation and identification of the active ethyl acetate fraction from C. majus, with minimum MIC/MBC values of 15.63/62.50 mg/mL