A Photonic Crystal Slab Laplace Differentiator

We introduce an implementation of a Laplace differentiator based on a photonic crystal slab that operates at transmission mode. We show that the Laplace differentiator can be implemented provided that the guided resonances near the $\Gamma$ point exhibit an isotropic band structure. Such a device may facilitate nanophotonics-based optical analog computing for image processing.Comment: Primary text 6 pages, 5 figures; Supplementary material 5 pages, 3 figure

The current opportunities and challenges of Web 3.0

With recent advancements in AI and 5G technologies,as well as the nascent concepts of blockchain and metaverse,a new revolution of the Internet,known as Web 3.0,is emerging. Given its significant potential impact on the internet landscape and various professional sectors,Web 3.0 has captured considerable attention from both academic and industry circles. This article presents an exploratory analysis of the opportunities and challenges associated with Web 3.0. Firstly, the study evaluates the technical differences between Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0, while also delving into the unique technical architecture of Web 3.0. Secondly, by reviewing current literature, the article highlights the current state of development surrounding Web 3.0 from both economic and technological perspective. Thirdly, the study identifies numerous research and regulatory obstacles that presently confront Web 3.0 initiatives. Finally, the article concludes by providing a forward-looking perspective on the potential future growth and progress of Web 3.0 technology

Correction: Design and characterization of a plasmonic Doppler grating for azimuthal angle-resolved surface plasmon resonances

The authors regret that Fig. 1e of the original paper contained an error in the curves displayed for the silver, aluminium and palladium gratings. Specifically, a different value of the ‘index of the environment’ (1.65) was used in the calculation of these curves compared to that used for calculating the optical response of the gold grating (1.33). The correct Fig. 1 below, displays the curves calculated with the same value of the index of the environment (1.33). No amendments are made to the caption of Fig. 1 or the other sub-figures presented in the figure. This error does not affect any of the results or conclusions reported in the paper; only the display of the figure. (Figure Presented) The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers

Traffic-Aware Hierarchical Beam Selection for Cell-Free Massive MIMO

Beam selection for joint transmission in cell-free massive multi-input multi-output systems faces the problem of extremely high training overhead and computational complexity. The traffic-aware quality of service additionally complicates the beam selection problem. To address this issue, we propose a traffic-aware hierarchical beam selection scheme performed in a dual timescale. In the long-timescale, the central processing unit collects wide beam responses from base stations (BSs) to predict the power profile in the narrow beam space with a convolutional neural network, based on which the cascaded multiple-BS beam space is carefully pruned. In the short-timescale, we introduce a centralized reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to maximize the satisfaction rate of delay w.r.t. beam selection within multiple consecutive time slots. Moreover, we put forward three scalable distributed algorithms including hierarchical distributed Lyapunov optimization, fully distributed RL, and centralized training with decentralized execution of RL to achieve better scalability and better tradeoff between the performance and the execution signal overhead. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed schemes significantly reduce both model training cost and beam training overhead and are easier to meet the user-specific delay requirement, compared to existing methods.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, part of this work has been accepted by the IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP) 202

Vitexin attenuates smoke inhalation induced acute lung injury in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress via PKC β/p66Shc signaling pathway

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of vitexin on smoke inhalation-induced acute lung injury (SI-ALI), and the underlying mechanism of action.Methods: The ALI rat model was established by inhalation of smoke in a closed smoke chamber. Survival rate, arterial blood gas analysis, wet-to-dry weight ratio of lung tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentration, lung tissue histology, and oxidative stress and inflammation level were evaluated. Expressions of protein kinase C β (PKC β), p66Shc, and phosphorylated p66Shc were determined by western blot or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results: Compared with smoke inhalation group, vitexin alleviated the decline in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (p < 0.05), reduced lung tissue exudation and pathological lung tissue damage, inhibited the expression of PKC β/p66Shc signaling pathway proteins, downregulated the level of oxidative stress and inflammation, and ultimately improved the survival rate in SI-ALI rats (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Vitexin attenuates SI-ALI in rats by alleviating oxidative stress via inhibition of PKC β/p66Shc signaling pathway. Thus, this compound is a potential agent for the treatment of SI-ALI