Analysis and quantification of mechanical properties of various DHP copper tubes manufacturing processes using drift expanding test

Deoxidized High Phosphorus (DHP) Copper tubes are frequently used in numerous industrial and household applications. To ensure the acceptability of DHP copper tubes prepared by various industrial processes, the quality of the DHP copper tubes must be evaluated. Drift expanding test is one of the best ways to do so is to examine the quality of tubes. In this paper the authors considered the mechanical properties of various DHP copper tubes manufacturing processes using drift expanding test. This paper concludes that there is a large difference in the mechanical properties of tubes with different manufacturing methods. Planetary rolling have a better expanding percentage than cast or extruded tube samples.</p

Effect of antimony addition relative to microstructure and mechanical properties of continuous cast lead alloy

It is well documented that the addition of antimony in pure lead increases tensile strength and reduced elongation. The goal of the present work is to identify the cause of these phenomena by investigation of the effects of the addition of Sb (1.25 wt.%) on the structure of pure continuously cast lead and lead alloy rods. The microstructure and morphology of both pure lead and lead with 1.25 wt.% antimony were examined by digital optical microscope and scanning electron microscope respectively. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) was used to identify alloying elements. The results showed that the effect of additions of antimony on mechanical properties of lead-antimony alloys is mainly due to the solid solubility of the antimony. Distribution of the antimony results in a decrease in the grain size of the pure lead. These smaller grains mean higher strength so long as there is a homogeneous grain structure.</p

Influence of casting speed on the structure and mechanical properties of continuous cast DHP copper tube

DHP Copper tubes are frequently used in industrial applications with their unique characteristics such as high corrosion or excellent erosion resistance. Due to the requirement of good quality production, an excellent global factor is needed for the purpose of obtaining high mechanical properties. A mechanical properties has correlation with grain size and a high mechanical properties is achieved by small grain structure. There are three ways in which grain size can be altered: by thermal means, chemical means and by mechanical means. This paper looks at the first case, thermal means, which has very substantial cost benefits over the other two types of grain refinement in that it does not require large pieces of equipment that vibrate or mix and does not use any exotic metals as feed stock. Instead what thermal methods require is a change in parameters like: casting speed, liquid metal temperature or cooling water temperature. In this work, characterization of the influence of casting speed on the structure and mechanical properties of continuous cast DHP copper tube has been carried out by drift expanding test and grain size reading. A significant different based on grain structure has been investigated and it was also found that the casting speed could improve the elongation of samples from 29 % expanding to 36 % expanding

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in cancer: mechanisms, functions, and clinical implications

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is circular DNA that plays an important role in the development and heterogeneity of cancer. The rapid evolution of methods to detect ecDNA, including microscopic and sequencing approaches, has greatly enhanced our knowledge of the role of ecDNA in cancer development and evolution. Here, we review the molecular characteristics, functions, mechanisms of formation, and detection methods of ecDNA, with a focus on the potential clinical implications of ecDNA in cancer. Specifically, we consider the role of ecDNA in acquired drug resistance, as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and as a therapeutic target in the context of cancer. As the pathological and clinical significance of ecDNA continues to be explored, it is anticipated that ecDNA will have broad applications in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients with cancer

Classification and regionalization of the forming environment of windblown sand disasters along the Tarim Desert Highway

Through the systematic field survey and observations, the factor quantification as well as setting the criteria, the sand disaster-forming environment along the Tarim Desert Highway can be divided into four grades by the classification and regionalization based on fuzzy mathematics. The length of the regions with significant sand disaster accounted for 37.1% of the total highway length. Particularly, the area along the Tarim Desert Highway, based on the sand disaster-forming environment classification as well as the difference in the five basic landform units along the highway, combined with the difference of wind regime, can be divided into five regions, in which the length of the regions suffering severe sand damage occupied 64.3% of the total highway length. In addition, the index of disaster formation grade along the highway decreased from north to south, showing a repeated spatial pattern in small length scales