Simple Precision Creation of Digitally Specified, Spatially Heterogeneous, Engineered Tissue Architectures

Complex architectures of integrated circuits are achieved through multiple layer photolithography, which has empowered the semiconductor industry. We adapt this philosophy for tissue engineering with a versatile, scalable, and generalizable microfabrication approach to create engineered tissue architectures composed of digitally specifiable building blocks, each with tuned structural, cellular, and compositional features.Paul G. Allen Family FoundationNew York Stem Cell FoundationNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)National Science Foundation (U.S.)Lincoln LaboratoryInstitution of Engineering and Technology (AF Harvey Prize

High-throughput Sequencing Analysis of Diversity and Spatial Heterogeneity of Fungal Community in Pit Muds of Different Ages for Baijiu Production

The fungal community structure, the relationship between fungal flora and physicochemical factors, and the prediction of fungal function in pit muds from different spatial positions of 10- and 50-year-old cellars at Jinhui liquor Co. Ltd. were studied by using Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing, redundancy analysis and Fungi Functional Guild (FUNGuild). The results showed that the fungal diversity and richness of the 10-year-old pit mud decreased with increasing depth; the fungal diversity of the 50-year-old pit mud showed an overall increasing trend, while the fungal richness initially decrease and then increased. Moreover, for the 10-year-old pit, the fungal diversity and richness of the upper layer of the pit wall were significantly higher than those of the other positions (P < 0.05), while for the 50-year-old cellar, the fungal diversity and richness of the bottom layer were significantly higher than those of the other locations (P < 0.05). The fungal diversity and richness were significantly higher in the wall of the 10-year-old cellar than the 50-year-old cellar (P < 0.05), but were significantly higher in the bottom of the 50-year-old cellar than the 10-year-old cellar (P < 0.05). A total of 21 fungal phyla and 520 genera were detected in all pit mud samples, the relative abundance of four dominant phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Rozellomycota) and most dominant genera such as Aspergillus and Kazachstania showed significant changes among pit ages and spatial locations (P < 0.05). Fusarium, Aspergillus, Saccharomyces and Monascus were positively correlated with the contents of water, humus, K+ and Ca2+, while Cladosporium and Vishniacozyma were positively correlated with pH. Seven nutritional modes of fungi were observed, mainly including saprophytic and pathological-saprophytic-symbiotic nutritional modes, and four single and seven mixed functional groups were determined. This study provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the structure and spatial distribution of fungal community in Jinhui Baijiu pit mud

Effect of photon flux densities on regulation of carotenogenesis and cell viability of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae)

The green alga Haematococcus pluvialis produces large amounts of the pink carotenoid astaxanthin under high photon flux density (PFD) and other oxidative stress conditions. However, the regulation and physiological role of carotenogenesis leading to astaxanthin formation is not well understood. Comparative transcriptional expression of five carotenoid genes along with growth and pigment composition as a function of PFD was studied using a wild-type and an astaxanthin-overproduction mutant of H. pluvialis NIES144. The results indicate that astaxanthin biosynthesis was mainly under transcriptional control of the gene encoding carotenoid hydroxylase, and to a lesser extent, the genes encoding isopentenyl isomerase and phytoene desaturase, and to the least extent, the genes encoding phytoene synthase and carotenoid oxygenase. The expression of a plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) gene ptox2 underwent transient up-regulation under elevated PFDs, suggesting that PTOX may be functionally coupled with phytoene desaturase through the plastoquinone pool and may play a role in reducing redox-potential-dependent and oxygen-concentration-dependent formation of reactive oxygen species in the chloroplast. Over-expression of both the carotenogenic and PTOX genes confers to the astaxanthin-overproduction mutant more effective photoprotective capability than that of the wild type under photooxidative stress

Low Complexity Sparse Channel Estimation Based on Compressed Sensing

In wireless communication, channel estimation is a key technology to receive signal precisely. Recently, a new method named compressed sensing (CS) has been proposed to estimate sparse channel, which improves spectrum efficiency greatly. However, it is difficult to realize it due to its high computational complexity. Although the proposed Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) can reduce the complexity of CS, the efficiency of OMP is still low because only one index is identified per iteration. Therefore, to solve this problem, more efficient schemes are proposed. At first, we apply Generalized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (GOMP) to channel estimation, which lower computational complexity by selecting multiple indices in each iteration. Then a more effective scheme that selects indices by least squares (LS) method is proposed to significantly reduce the computational complexity, which is a modified method of GOMP. Simulation results and theoretical analysis show the effectivity of the proposed algorithms

Peking: Profiling Syntactic Tree Parsing Techniques for Semantic Graph Parsing

Using the SemEval-2014 Task 8 data, we profile the syntactic tree parsing tech-niques for semantic graph parsing. In par-ticular, we implement different transition-based and graph-based models, as well as a parser ensembler, and evaluate their ef-fectiveness for semantic dependency pars-ing. Evaluation gauges how successful data-driven dependency graph parsing can be by applying existing techniques.

An r-Order Finite-Time State Observer for Reaction-Diffusion Genetic Regulatory Networks with Time-Varying Delays

It will be settled out for the open problem of designing an r-order finite-time (F-T) state observer for reaction-diffusion genetic regulatory networks (RDGRNs) with time-varying delays. By assuming the Dirichlet boundary conditions, aiming to estimate the mRNA and protein concentrations via available network measurements. Firstly, sufficient F-T stability conditions for the filtering error system have been investigated via constructing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) and using several integral inequalities and (reciprocally) convex technique simultaneously. These conditions are delay-dependent and reaction-diffusion-dependent and can be checked by MATLAB toolbox. Furthermore, a method is proposed to design an r-order F-T state observer, and the explicit expressions of observer gains are given. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method