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A Bacterial Metapopulation Adapts Locally to Phage Predation Despite Global Dispersal
This report talks about Bacterial Metapopulation Adapts Locally to Phage Predation Despite Global Dispersa
nAddendum to ASNC/AHA/ASE/EANM/HFSA/ISA/SCMR/SNMMI expert consensus recommendations for multimodality imaging in cardiac amyloidosis:Part 1 of 2-evidence base and standardized methods of imaging
Addendum to ASNC/AHA/ASE/EANM/HFSA/ISA/SCMR/SNMMI expert consensus recommendations for multimodality imaging in cardiac amyloidosis:Part 1 of 2-evidence base and standardized methods of imaging
There are 2 primary reasons for an addendum. The first is that the document reviewer list is being updated to include Dr Richard Cheng and Dr Roy John, who have critically reviewed the document, but were inadvertently not listed as reviewers. In addition, since the publication of this document and the introduction of approved therapies for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, the clinical use of bone tracer cardiac scintigraphy has been extended to populations with a lower prevalence of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Numerous observations have raised concerns about (1) incorrect diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis based on 99mTc-pyrophosphate (PYP) planar imaging and heart-to-contralateral lung (H/CL) ratio without confirmation of diffuse myocardial uptake on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging at some sites; (2) excess blood pool activity on the 1-hour planar and SPECT images being interpreted as positive scans; and (3) missed diagnosis of light chain amyloidosis, as serum-free light chain studies and serum and urine immunofixation electrophoresis studies may not be recommended in the 99mTc-PY P/-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid/hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (99mTc-PYP/DPD/HMDP) report. Incorrect diagnosis leads to inappropriate therapy and worse patient outcomes. SPECT and planar imaging performed at 3-hour maximize specificity. 1 , 2 , 3 Additionally, technical parameters have been updated
ASNC/AHA/ASE/EANM/HFSA/ISA/SCMR/SNMMI Expert Consensus Recommendations for Multimodality Imaging in Cardiac Amyloidosis:Part 1 of 2-Evidence Base and Standardized Methods of Imaging
In the Introduction SCMR was listed incorrectly. SCMR is the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. • Figure 1 erroneously printed without Yen sign (¥) in ‘Final Diagnosis.’ Please see revised Figure 1. • Acknowledgments erroneously printed without reviewers Richard Cheng, MD and Roy John, MD
Correction to:ASNC/AHA/ASE/EANM/HFSA/ISA/SCMR/SNMMI expert consensus recommendations for multimodality imaging in cardiac amyloidosis: Part 1 of 2-evidence base and standardized methods of imaging
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe
The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the
dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for
life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront
of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early
evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The
Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed
plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE
is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity
neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream
of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed
as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research
Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in
Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at
Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino
charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet
cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can
accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional
combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and
potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility
for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around
the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program
of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of
LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics
worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will
possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for
LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a
comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the
landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate
and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure
CTL Escape Mediated by Proteasomal Destruction of an HIV-1 Cryptic Epitope
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) play a critical role in controlling viral
infections. HIV-infected individuals develop CTL responses against epitopes
derived from viral proteins, but also against cryptic epitopes encoded by viral
alternative reading frames (ARF). We studied here the mechanisms of HIV-1 escape
from CTLs targeting one such cryptic epitope, Q9VF, encoded by an
HIVgag ARF and presented by HLA-B*07. Using PBMCs of
HIV-infected patients, we first cloned and sequenced proviral DNA encoding for
Q9VF. We identified several polymorphisms with a minority of proviruses encoding
at position 5 an aspartic acid (Q9VF/5D) and a majority encoding an asparagine
(Q9VF/5N). We compared the prevalence of each variant in PBMCs of
HLA-B*07+ and HLA-B*07- patients. Proviruses encoding Q9VF/5D were
significantly less represented in HLA-B*07+ than in HLA-B*07-
patients, suggesting that Q9FV/5D encoding viruses might be under selective
pressure in HLA-B*07+ individuals. We thus analyzed ex
vivo CTL responses directed against Q9VF/5D and Q9VF/5N. Around
16% of HLA-B*07+ patients exhibited CTL responses targeting Q9VF
epitopes. The frequency and the magnitude of CTL responses induced with Q9VF/5D
or Q9VF/5N peptides were almost equal indicating a possible cross-reactivity of
the same CTLs on the two peptides. We then dissected the cellular mechanisms
involved in the presentation of Q9VF variants. As expected, cells infected with
HIV strains encoding for Q9VF/5D were recognized by Q9VF/5D-specific CTLs. In
contrast, Q9VF/5N-encoding strains were neither recognized by Q9VF/5N- nor by
Q9VF/5D-specific CTLs. Using in vitro proteasomal digestions
and MS/MS analysis, we demonstrate that the 5N variation introduces a strong
proteasomal cleavage site within the epitope, leading to a dramatic reduction of
Q9VF epitope production. Our results strongly suggest that HIV-1 escapes CTL
surveillance by introducing mutations leading to HIV ARF-epitope destruction by
proteasomes
Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search
Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research
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