Phylogenetic analysis of Malagasy Gastrorchis and Phaius （Orchidaceae）based on internal transcribed spacer（ITS）sequence

The molecular phylogenetics among five species of Gastrorchis and Phaius pulchellus all endemic to Madagas-car and additional four species of non-Malagasy Phaius was studied on the basis of the sequence analysis of ITS region of rDNA. The species of Gastrorchis and those of Phaius studied constituted two respective clades, except-ing Malagasy P . pulchellus was placed in the clade of Gastrorchis. This fact suggests that Malagasy P . pulchell-us might be shared and originated from the common ancestor of Gastrorchis

Révision du genre <i>Jumellea</i> Schltr. (Orchidaceae) de l’Archipel des Comores

La révision des espèces de Jumellea Schltr. présentes sur l’Archipel des Comores (Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli, Mayotte) a été effectuée. Six espèces appartenant au genre ont été recensées dans les îles : Jumellea anjouanensis (Finet) H. Perrier, J. arachnantha (Rchb. f.) Schltr., J. arborescens H. Perrier, J. comorensis (Rchb. f.) Schltr., J. maxillarioides (Ridl.) Schltr. et J. pailleri F.Rakotoar. Ces espèces ne sont pas les mêmes que celles décrites par Schlechter ; Jumellea arborescens, J. maxillarioides et J. pailleri ont été rajoutées et Jumellea phalaenophora a été retirée de la liste en raison de sa présence douteuse dans l’archipel. Jumellea gladiator (Rchb. f.) Schltr. est synonyme de J. arachnantha (Rchb.f.) Schltr. Trois espèces de Jumellea sont endémiques des Comores, les trois autres sont aussi présentes à Madagascar.The genus Jumellea Schltr. is revised for the Comoros Archipelago (Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli, Mayotte). Six species occur on the islands: Jumellea anjouanensis (Finet) H. Perrier, J. arachnantha (Rchb. f.) Schltr., J. arborescens H. Perrier, J. comorensis (Rchb. f.) Schltr., J. maxillarioides and J. pailleri F.Rakotoar. These species are not the same as Schlechter covered; Jumellea arborescens, J. maxillarioides (Ridl.) Schltr. and J. pailleri were added to the list whereas Jumellea phalaenophora was removed since its presence in Comoros archipelago is doubtful. Jumellea gladiator (Rchb. f.) Schltr. is a synonym of J. arachnantha (Rchb.f.) Schltr. Three species of Jumellea are endemic to the Comoros archipelago whereas the three other are also present in Madagascar.</p

Revision of the genus Jumellea Schltr. (Orchidaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago

International audienceThe genus Jumellea Schltr. is revised for the Comoros Archipelago (Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli, Mayotte). Six species occur on the islands: Jumellea anjouanensis (Finet) H. Perrier, J. arachnantha (Rchb. f.) Schltr., J. arborescens H. Perrier, J. comorensis (Rchb. f.) Schltr., J. maxillarioides and J. pailleri F.Rakotoar. These species are not the same as Schlechter covered; Jumellea arborescens, J. maxillarioides (Ridl.) Schltr. and J. pailleri were added to the list whereas Jumellea phalaenophora was removed since its presence in Comoros archipelago is doubtful. Jumellea gladiator (Rchb. f.) Schltr. is a synonym of J. arachnantha (Rchb.f.) Schltr. Three species of Jumellea are endemic to the Comoros archipelago whereas the three other are also present in Madagascar

Jumellea pailleri (Orchidaceae), une espèce nouvelle endémique des Comores

International audienceBackground and aims - Jumellea pailleri F.Rakotoar. (Orchidaceae), a new endemic species from the Comoro Archipelago is described and illustrated. Methods - Description and comparison of herbarium material from the herbarium of Comoro and Réunion Islands University (REU) have been done. Key results - Different from other Jumellea species from Comoro Island, J. pailleri resembles to J. bathiei Schltr. and J. ibityana Schltr., which are endemic to Madagascar. A key to identify Jumellea species from Comoro Islands is provided. The new species is illustrated, its distribution is given and its conservation status

Molecular systematics and evolutionary trends and relationships in the genus Jumellea (Orchidaceae): Implications for its species limits

International audience\textlessI\textgreaterJumellea\textless/I\textgreater is an orchid genus centered on Madagascar but also occurs on some of the neighboring oceanic islands (the Mascarenes and Comoros) and in southern and eastern Africa. Prior to our study the genus contained ca. 55 morphologically distinct species, of which six are found in the Comoros (three endemic, three shared with Madagascar), nine in the Mascarenes (four endemic, four shared with Madagascar), two in southern and eastern Africa (both endemic), and 41 species endemic to Madagascar. We perform Bayesian and parsimony phylogenetic analyses of \textlessI\textgreaterJumellea\textless/I\textgreater based on combined chloroplast (\textlessI\textgreatermatK\textless/I\textgreater, \textlessI\textgreatertrnL-F\textless/I\textgreater, \textlessI\textgreaterrps16\textless/I\textgreater, \textlessI\textgreaterycf1\textless/I\textgreater) and nuclear (nrITS) data from 60 specimens representing 47 species, four subspecies, and two varieties of \textlessI\textgreaterJumellea\textless/I\textgreater: (1) to assess the phylogenetic value of growth form, leaf, bract and lip shape, and spur length, presently used for recognizing informal groups within the genus; and (2) to test the monophyly of some variable species (e.g., \textlessI\textgreaterJ. gracilipes\textless/I\textgreater, \textlessI\textgreaterJ. lignosa\textless/I\textgreater). We find no support for the informal groups of \textlessI\textgreaterJumellea\textless/I\textgreater, as all the characters tested are evolutionarily labile. \textlessI\textgreaterJumellea lignosa\textless/I\textgreater (comprising \textlessI\textgreaterJ. lignosa\textless/I\textgreater subsp. \textlessI\textgreaterlignosa\textless/I\textgreater, subsp. \textlessI\textgreatertenuibracteata\textless/I\textgreater, subsp. \textlessI\textgreateracutissima\textless/I\textgreater, and subsp. \textlessI\textgreaterlatilabia\textless/I\textgreater) is not monophyletic unless subsp. \textlessI\textgreatertenuibracteata\textless/I\textgreater is excluded. \textlessI\textgreaterJumellea gracilipes\textless/I\textgreater s. l. (including \textlessI\textgreaterJ. ambongensis\textless/I\textgreater, \textlessI\textgreaterJ. imerinensis\textless/I\textgreater, and \textlessI\textgreaterJ. unguicularis\textless/I\textgreater) is polyphyletic. As a result, we resurrect these three latter species, and recognize \textlessI\textgreaterJ. lignosa\textless/I\textgreater subsp. \textlessI\textgreatertenuibracteata\textless/I\textgreater at species level. Furthermore, we propose new circumscriptions for the following species: the Comorian \textlessI\textgreaterJ. arachnantha\textless/I\textgreater (including the Malagasy \textlessI\textgreaterJ. sagittata\textless/I\textgreater); the Reunionese \textlessI\textgreaterJ. exilis\textless/I\textgreater (including the Malagasy \textlessI\textgreaterJ. flavescens\textless/I\textgreater); the Reunionese \textlessI\textgreaterJ. recta\textless/I\textgreater (including the Malagasy \textlessI\textgreaterJumellea\textless/I\textgreater sp. 1); the Reunionese \textlessI\textgreaterJ. recurva\textless/I\textgreater (including the Malagasy \textlessI\textgreaterJ. pandurata\textless/I\textgreater); and the Reunionese \textlessI\textgreaterJ. stenophylla\textless/I\textgreater (including the Malagasy \textlessI\textgreaterJ. gracilipes\textless/I\textgreater 2 and 3). Finally, \textlessI\textgreaterJumellea arborescens\textless/I\textgreater and \textlessI\textgreaterJ. maxillarioides\textless/I\textgreater are recorded from Madagascar and the Comoros. Finally, the number of species of \textlessI\textgreaterJumellea\textless/I\textgreater has now increased from 55 to 57: seven species in the Comoros (four shared with Madagascar), nine species in the Mascarenes (four shared with Madagascar), two species in Africa, and 39 species, three subspecies, and two varieties restricted to Madagascar

Land‐use intensification increases richness of native and exotic herbaceous plants, but not endemics, in Malagasy vanilla landscapes

Abstract Aim North‐eastern Madagascar is a hotspot of plant diversity, but vanilla and rice farming are driving land‐use change, including slash‐and‐burn management. It still remains unknown how land‐use change and land‐use history affect richness and composition of endemic, native and exotic herbaceous plant species. Location North‐eastern Madagascar. Methods We assessed herbaceous plants along a land‐use intensification gradient ranging from unburned land‐use types (i.e. old‐growth forest, forest fragment and forest‐derived vanilla agroforest) to burned land‐use types (i.e. fallow‐derived vanilla agroforest, woody fallow and herbaceous fallow) and rice paddy. We compared land‐use types and analysed the effects of land‐use history, canopy closure and landscape forest cover on species richness. Additionally, we analysed species compositional changes across land‐use types. Results Across 80 plots, we found 355 plant species (180 native non‐endemics, 57 exotics, 60 endemics and 58 species of unknown origin). Native and exotic species richness increased with increasing land‐use intensity, whereas endemics decreased. Unburned land‐use types had higher endemic species richness (4.28 ± 0.37 [mean ± SE]) than burned ones (2.4 ± 0.21). Exotic and native species richness, but not endemics, decreased with increasing canopy closure. Increasing landscape forest cover reduced exotic, but not native or endemic richness. Species composition of old‐growth forests was unique compared to all other land uses and forest‐derived, not fallow‐derived vanilla agroforests, had a similar endemic species composition to forest fragments. Main conclusions Our results indicate that old‐growth forests and forest fragments are indispensable for maintaining endemic herbaceous plants. We further show that the land‐use history of agroforests should be considered in conservation policy. In forest‐derived vanilla agroforests, management incentives are needed to halt loss of canopy closure, thereby maintaining or even enhancing endemics. In conclusion, considering species origin (endemic, native and exotic) and composition is essential for the identification of suitable management practices to avoid irreversible species loss