DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO DE EMERGÊNCIAS HIPERTENSIVAS REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

The sudden and acute increase in blood pressure, especially diastolic, greater than 120 mmHg, combined with signs of target organ damage is known as hypertensive emergency (HE). Pulmonary edema, cardiac ischemia, neurological deficits, acute renal failure, aortic dissection and eclampsia are some examples. This article aims to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease in view of the epidemiological importance of HE. The objective of this research is to discuss and describe HE and its pathophysiology, as well as show how the disease affects patients' personal lives. The database used was SciElo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and PubMed (US National Library of Medicine), which contains scientific information as of March 9, 2024. The pathophysiology of HE is demonstrated in several studies, including conditions related to increased intravascular volume, peripheral vascular resistance and the likelihood of decreased production of endogenous vasodilators, which could result in greater vasoreactivity, which could result in an emergency situation. In summary, healthcare systems around the world still face a significant burden of sepsis.Keywords: Emergency, Treatment, Semiology.A elevação brusca e aguda da pressão arterial, principalmente a diastólica, maior que 120 mmHg, combinada com sinais de lesão de órgão-alvo é conhecida como emergência hipertensiva (EH). Edema pulmonar, isquemia cardíaca, déficits neurológicos, insuficiência renal aguda, dissecção aórtica e eclâmpsia são alguns exemplos. Este artigo visa discutir os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da doença diante da importância epidemiológica da EH. O objetivo desta pesquisa é discutir e descrever a EH e sua fisiopatologia, bem como mostrar como a doença afeta as vidas pessoais dos pacientes. O banco de dados utilizado foi o SciElo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online) e o PubMed (US National Library of Medicine), que contém informações científicas de 09 de março de 2024.A fisiopatologia da EH é demonstrada em vários estudos, incluindo condições relacionadas ao aumento do volume intravascular, à resistência vascular periférica e à probabilidade de diminuição da produção de vasodilatadores endógenos, o que pode resultar em vasorreatividade maior, o que pode resultar em situação de emergência . Em resumo, os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo ainda enfrentam uma carga significativa de sepse

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data