Staying out of range: increasing attacking distance in fencing

To avoid being hit, fencers typically adopt an out of range position, which was hypothesized to be governed by body- and action-scaled affordances. This theory was measured in elite and national level junior (u20) fencers. Associations between “reachability” of lunging and step-lunging attacks, was assessed against height, arm-span, leg-span, body mass and lower-body power, and then compared across level. Reachability was determined as the distance covered by fencers during these attacks and was reported as actual and estimated distances. Elite fencers are better at estimating their lunging and step-lunge distance compared to national ranked junior fencers (-0.9 vs. 7.3 % and 5.4 vs. 10.9 % respectively). Surprisingly, elite fencers’ actual and estimated distances for these was less than the junior fencers’ (222.6 vs. 251.5 cm and 299.3 vs. 360.2 cm respectively), and significantly so in the former. Finally only arm (r = .81) and leg span (r = .71) were significantly correlated to estimated lunging distance and this was only in elite fencers. Findings suggest that better fencers can accurately predict their attack range and that reachability appears to be positively influenced by arm and leg-span; these may feed in to talent identification. Given that distances were less in elite fencers, findings suggests that timing and distance estimation are key skills to master, and that the mastery of these in offensive actions can mitigate to a large extent, the physical benefits of an opponent’s greater height

Sujets et savoirs en mouvement. Variations sur le ‹Roman de la Rose› dans la littérature allégorique italienne à la fin du XIIIe siècle (‹Il Fiore›/‹L’Intelligenza›)

Der Beitrag untersucht zwei Beispiele für die frühe Rezeption des ›Roman de la Rose‹ in Italien. In ›Il Fiore‹ (um 1285/1295) werden die zentralen Handlungssequenzen des französischen Vorbilds in 232 Sonetten wiedergegeben. Mit ihren Lücken und Sprüngen untergräbt die lyrische Form jegliche narrative Kohärenz und Kohäsion; wie bei Guillaume de Lorris und Jean de Meun wird auf diese Weise ein instabiles, dynamisches ›Ich‹ in Szene gesetzt. In ›L’Intelligenza‹ (um 1300) erscheint der Erzähler-Sprecher von Anfang an durchlässig – ein mobiler Standpunkt, der von der Vielfalt der Welt durchquert wird und deshalb fast gänzlich verschwindet. In allen drei Texten lässt sich subjektives Wissen nicht in einem einheitlich gestalteten, linear organisierten Schema abbilden. Weil es sich durch seine Bindung an ein ›Ich‹ permanent neu konfiguriert, bedarf dieses Wissen einer besonderen, gleichermaßen narrativen und nicht-narrativen Form, die offen, vielfältig und beweglich ist.This article examines two examples of the early reception of the Roman de la Rose in Italy. In Il Fiore (ca. 1285-1295), the core plot sequences from the earlier French text are echoed in 232 sonnets. With its omissions and leaps, the lyrical form undermines any kind of narrative coherence and cohesion; as in the work of Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun, this creates an instable, dynamic “I.” In L’Intelligenza (ca. 1300), the narrator-speaker appears from the beginning to be permeable – a mobile point of view which is threaded through with the world’s diversity and thus disappears almost entirely. In all three texts, subjective knowledge cannot be depicted in the form of a uniformly shaped and linear diagram. Because it is continuously being reconfigured due to its connection to an “I,” this knowledge requires a special form which is simultaneously narrative and non-narrative, one which is open-ended, diverse, and flexible

Affective Encoding/decoding and Person Perception

Psycholog

Secret Spaces: An Underground America

Title from PDF of title page, viewed June 14, 2023Thesis advisor: Matthew OsbornVitaIncludes bibliographical references (pages 36-40)Thesis (M.A.)--Department of History. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2023This essay traces the evolving scholarship on “marronage” and its implications in studying institutional slavery in North America. The term describes slave flight and the underground networks some enslaved peoples utilized to sustain informal freedom within the slaveholding South. The paper examines five case studies to explore methods and networks enslaved people used to hide from white slave owners. Maroon scholarship emphasizes the role escape played within rural and urban spaces in the South and the opportunities maroons exploited in underground, dynamic networks, all useful strategies for illuminating the lived experience of slavery in the antebellum South.Introduction -- Bev -- Maria and Betsey -- Jim -- John Gantt -- Harriet Jacobs: and epilogu

Operant Conditioning of Person Perception in a Shy Population

This study is concerned with conditioning of three types of verbalizations in order to measure effects on two measures of person perception in a shy population. The objective of the present study was to relieve symptoms of shyness while simultaneously measuring changes in person perception and determining predictors of accuracy in perception.Psycholog

Vegetation ecology of Fraxinus latifolia communities in William L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon

Composition and structure of Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia) woodlands in the William L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon are described. Twenty stands dominated by Fraxinus latifolia were sampled with 500 m2 circular macroplots in which floristic microplot data were collected for plant community synthesis. Plant communities were identified by computer-assisted tabular analysis and hierarchical agglomerative clustering. Community structure was analyzed from tree-diameter frequency distribution. Two provisional plant communities are identified: Fraxinus latifolia/Carex obnupta and Fraxinus latifolia/ Symphoricarpos albus. The Carex obnupta community was characterized by C. obnupta, Eleocharis acicularis arid Galium trifidum. Little shrub cover and appreciable bare ground were typical. Carex and Eleocharis often formed single-species patches within the stands. Overstory tree canopy was closed and most plots contained many small-diameter trees and reproductive stems and few large diameter trees. Fraxinus tree size-class distribution approximates an attenuated reverse Jshaped curve. The Symphoricarpos albus community was marked by much shrub cover, principally provided by S. albus, Rubus ursinus and Rosa nutkana. Herb cover also was great in which Agrostis aequivalvis, Galium aparine, Geum macrophyllum, Montia sibirica, Ranunculus unicinatus and Stel].aria calycantha were prominent. Overstory tree cover was more open than in the Carex obnupta community. Tree diameter age-class distribution was even, and total basal area larger than for the Carex community. Although environmental data were not collected, the Fraxinus/Carex community was observed on slightly lower "back-water" areas more distant from the water courses while the Fraxinus/ Symphoricarpos community was found either on stream natural levees or at outer margins of the lower "backwater" areas away from streams