Demonstration and laboratory complex for the production of heat energy using sources of unconventional and waste energy

The description of the work of a laboratory unit for the production of thermal energy that simulates the use of solar energy and the use of wastewater energy is presented. The installation includes a heat pump, solar collector and waste water tank. Presents options forwiring elements of the unit

On the status and selectivity of the infant burials of the Yamnaya Archaeological Culture of the Southern Urals (based on the excavation materials of the burial mound No. 1 of the Boldyrevo-4 group)

Bioarchaeology is an important field of interdisciplinary research based upon the contextual study of anthropological materials. In particular, bioarchaeology of childhood appears to be the most specialised area of research, addressing quality of life and social patterns of ancient groups. In this paper, we continue the study of the infant remains from the burial mound No. 1 of the Boldyrevo-4 burial ground — one of the elite and largest burial mounds of the Yamnaya (Pit Grave) Culture in the northern part of the Volga-Urals. It was located on the left bank of the Irtek River, a tributary of the Ural, and had a diameter of 62 m and a reconstructed height of 8 m. The earliest horizon was represented by mounds Nos. 1 and 2 with close parameters. They contained one burial each (burials Nos. 3 and 4, respectively), located in the centers of the mound platforms, which belonged to children. Based on the results of our preliminary study, the child from burial No. 3 died of metastatic cancer (the most probable diagnosis is lymphocytic leukaemia). Burial No. 4 contained remains of two children. Child No. 1 from burial No. 4, represented only by the cranium, had possibly suffered from scurvy. Here we publish the results of the analysis of ancient DNA aimed at identifying the sex of the interred, as well as the results of the Sr isotope analysis, which allows determination of their ‘local’ or ‘distant’ origin. The quality of the ancient DNA was evaluated by targeted sequencing carried out using a specially designed panel of probes that allowed the selection of target sections of the genome for subsequent enrichment using the method of hybridisation, followed by the target NGS. The genetic data confirm that all three individuals belonged to the female sex. On the basis of Sr isotope ratios, the girls from burials Nos. 3 and 4 (No. 2) were born in the territories with different geochemical signals. Unfortunately, for the child No. 1 from burial No. 4 such observations could not be obtained. The biological age (around 6 years old), female sex attributes, and the presence of serious health conditions allows one to pose the question on the selective nature of the children burials in this mound of the Yamnaya Culture. Moreover, they could have received a special hereditary social status, which influenced the further erection of the burial mound for members of the elite

A novel approach to alveolar bone complex defects 3D reconstruction

The aim of the investigation was to assess the efficacy of the 3D reconstruction of the alveolar bone by means of guided bone regeneration based on computer-assisted 3D planning using a resorbable dental membrane. Materials and Methods. 35 practically healthy patients without a marked concomitant somatic pathology with a diagnosis of “partial teeth loss complicated by alveolar bone atrophy” took part in the study. All patients underwent reconstructive operations to eliminate the defects and restore the alveolar bone volume using guided bone regeneration procedure and resorbable dental membranes. Planning and operations were performed according to the developed unified protocol including computer-assisted 3D operation planning and fabrication of intraoperative templates for dental membranes using 3D prototyping. Results. The developed method of computer-assisted 3D operation planning and fabrication of intraoperative templates for dental membranes using 3D prototyping has proved to be effective as it reduces the time of operative intervention, excludes the risk of forming a smaller membrane of inadequate shape, gives the required bone volume. Conclusion. The proposed method of computer-assisted 3D operation planning and fabrication of intraoperative templates for dental membranes using 3D prototyping allows surgeons to improve the precision of the guided bone regeneration operations, to diminish the intraoperative time of membrane adaptation, and avoid the possibility of its mispositioning. At the same time, application of the resorbable dental membrane increases the efficacy of the 3D alveolar bone reconstruction. © 2017, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy. All rights reserved

A novel approach to alveolar bone complex defects 3D reconstruction

The aim of the investigation was to assess the efficacy of the 3D reconstruction of the alveolar bone by means of guided bone regeneration based on computer-assisted 3D planning using a resorbable dental membrane. Materials and Methods. 35 practically healthy patients without a marked concomitant somatic pathology with a diagnosis of “partial teeth loss complicated by alveolar bone atrophy” took part in the study. All patients underwent reconstructive operations to eliminate the defects and restore the alveolar bone volume using guided bone regeneration procedure and resorbable dental membranes. Planning and operations were performed according to the developed unified protocol including computer-assisted 3D operation planning and fabrication of intraoperative templates for dental membranes using 3D prototyping. Results. The developed method of computer-assisted 3D operation planning and fabrication of intraoperative templates for dental membranes using 3D prototyping has proved to be effective as it reduces the time of operative intervention, excludes the risk of forming a smaller membrane of inadequate shape, gives the required bone volume. Conclusion. The proposed method of computer-assisted 3D operation planning and fabrication of intraoperative templates for dental membranes using 3D prototyping allows surgeons to improve the precision of the guided bone regeneration operations, to diminish the intraoperative time of membrane adaptation, and avoid the possibility of its mispositioning. At the same time, application of the resorbable dental membrane increases the efficacy of the 3D alveolar bone reconstruction. © 2017, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy. All rights reserved

Structure impact on photodynamic therapy and cellular contrasting functions of colloids constructed from dimeric Au(I) complex and hexamolybdenum clusters

Electrostatically driven self-assembly of [Au2L2]2+ (L is cyclic PNNP ligand) with [{Mo6I8}(L')6]2− (L' = I−, CH3COO−) in aqueous solutions is introduced as facile route for combination of therapeutic and cellular contrasting functions within heterometallic colloids (Mo6-Au2). The nature of L' affects the size and aggregation behavior of crystalline Mo6-Au2 aggregates, which in turn affect the luminescence of the cluster units incorporated into Mo6-Au2 colloids. The spin trap facilitated electron spin resonance spectroscopy technique indicates that the level of ROS generated by Mo6-Au2 colloids is also affected by their size. Both (L' = I−, CH3COO−) Mo6-Au2 colloids undergo cell internalization, which is enhanced by their assembly with poly-DL-lysine (PL) for L' = CH3COO−, but remains unchanged for L' = I−. The colloids PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = CH3COO−) are visualized as huge crystalline aggregates both outside and inside the cell cytoplasm by confocal microscopy imaging of the incubated cells, while the smaller sized (30–50 nm) PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = I−) efficiently stain the cell nuclei. Quantitative colocalization analysis of PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = CH3COO−) in lysosomal compartments points to the fast endo-lysosomal escape of the colloids followed by their intracellular aggregation. The cytotoxicity of PL-Mo6-Au2 differs from that of Mo6 and Au2 blocks, predominantly acting through apoptotic pathway. The photodynamic therapeutic effect of the PL-Mo6-Au2 colloids on the cancer cells correlates with their intracellular trafficking and aggregation