Extracción de bases de reglas simples y lingüísticamente interpretables

Comunicación presentada al "XIII ESTYLF'06" celebrado en Ciudad Real del 20 al 22 de Septiembre de 2006.Este artículo presenta una técnica basada en la lógica difusa para extraer bases de reglas a partir de datos numéricos. Permite obtener bases de reglas interpretables lingüísticamente a la vez que simples en cuanto a número de reglas, sencillez en las partes antecedentes y consecuentes y facilidad de implementación hardware/software. Los pasos más significativos de esta técnica son los siguientes: (1) extracción de la base de reglas empleando particiones granulares de las variables del problema, (2) ajuste de las funciones de pertenencia para las variables de salida y posterior simplificación, (3) simplificación tabular de la base de reglas y (4) simplificación de las funciones de pertenencia para las variables de entrada. La técnica puede aplicarse de forma automática mediante las herramientas de CAD integradas en el entorno Xfuzzy 3. Se incluye un ejemplo de aplicación en robótica móvil para ilustrar las ventajas de la técnica propuesta.Peer reviewe

Emotional component of communicational activity in the process of making a future teacher ready to competitive relations

Readiness to competitive relations is nowadays necessary skill of future teacher. Competitive relations in professional pedagogic are understood as the complex of social phenomena related to interaction of two and more teachers. Communicative interactions may be used as system forming factor for making the students of pedagogical colleges ready to competitive relations. Communicative interactions are direct or indirect communications of two and more people related to delivering information or sharing of some other results of individual activity. Emotional component of communicational activity is related to apprehending, processing and communicating sensually colored information that is fixed in symbols and acts as a special prism which the environment, its components including people are evaluated through. Organization of emotional (psychological) component of communicational activity promote direct or indirect impact on positive apprehending of present and future that have primarily emotional color. It will also promote success of emotional self-presentation, adaptation to learning, self-control of emotional relations, emotional openness and sincerity in relations with peers and teachers, emotional compatibility of the members of academic group. © IDOSI Publications, 2013

Mössbauer effect studies of thin iron films synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition technique

© 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. The paper presents the results of Mössbauer effect studies of thin iron films obtained by ion-assisted deposition technique. It was found that the films obtained consist of several phases and have a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Magnetization direction can be changed by external magnetic field in sample plane

On the question of structure of ZnO thin films formed by IBAD and subsequently implanted with silver ions

© 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. Nanocrystalline ZnO thin films with a thickness of ∼ 235 nm were synthesized by ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) technique using a metal target of zinc and oxygen (O2) as a reactive gas. The near-surface region of the synthesized films was subsequently implanted with 30 keV Ag+ ions in the fluence range of (0.25-1)×1017 ion/cm2 at high ion current density of 12 μA/cm2. The structure parameters and morphology of as-deposited and subsequently implanted with silver ions ZnO films were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. It was found that the as-deposited ZnO films have inhomogeneous structure, which consists of nanocrystallites and disordered amorphous phase. The nanocrystallites of the obtained ZnO thin films have values of lattice parameters higher than for a bulk ZnO. Subsequent implantation with silver ions leads to a significant radiation heating and microstress relaxation of the film as well as to an increase in the size of nanocrystallites due to the amorphous phase

Optical properties of ZnO and Al2O3 implanted with silver ions

ZnO and Al2O3 samples implanted with 30-keV silver ions with fluences in the interval (0.25-1.00) × 1017 ions/cm2 are studied by the method of optical photometry in the visible part of the spectrum. The optical transmission spectra of the implanted samples exhibit a selective band associated with surface plasmon resonance absorption of silver nanoparticles. The intensity of this band nonmonotonically depends on the implantation fluence. The silver ion depth distribution in the samples is calculated. It is shown that the non-monotonicity observed in experiments is due to an increase in the substrate sputtering ratio with increasing implantation fluence. It is found that vacuum thermal annealing of the implanted Al2O3 layers up to 700°C causes a considerable narrowing of the plasmon absorption bandwidth without a tangible change in its intensity. At higher annealing temperatures, the plasmon absorption band broadens and its intensity drops. Annealing of the ZnO films under such conditions causes their complete vaporization. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Optical and electrical studies of ZnO thin films heavily implanted with silver ions

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) with the thickness of 200 nm have been deposited on quartz substrates by using ion-beam sputtering technique. Then Ag+ ions with the energy of 30 keV have been implanted into as-deposited ZnO films to the fluences in the range of (0.25-1.00)×1017 ions/cm2 to form ZnO:Ag composite layers with different concentrations of the silver impurity. The analysis of the microstructure has shown that the thickness of the ZnO film decreases, and the Ag dopant concentration tends to the saturation with increasing Ag implantation fluence. The ZnO:Ag composite layers reveal the optical selective absorption at the wavelength of the surface plasmon resonance that is typical for silver nanoparticles dispersed in the ZnO matrix. The red shift of the plasmon resonance peak from 480 to 500 nm is observed with the increase in the implantation fluence to 0.75×1017 Ag ions/cm2. Then the absorption peak position starts the backward motion, and the absorption intensity decreases with the subsequent increase in the implantation fluence. The non-monotonic dependence of the absorption peak position on the implantation fluence has been analyzed within of Maxwell Garnet theory and taking into account the strong sputtering of ZnO films during implantation. The ZnO:Ag composite layers exhibit the p-type conductivity indicating that a part of Ag+ ions is in the form of acceptor impurities implanted into the ZnO lattice

Introduction to geographic information systems (GIS)

The presentation reviews the development and application of geographic information systems (GIS) in terms of its capacity to store information about the world as a collection of thematic layers that can be linked together by geography. The real world consists of many geographies which in GIS can be represented with a number of related data layers such as: hydrology, topography, land use, soil, streets, utilities, districts etc. GIS analytical capabilities provide access to raw data, which can then be aggregated or reclassified

Effect of implantation regimes of silver ions on the structure and optical properties of zinc-oxide nanocrystalline films

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Thin (about 270 nm) nanocrystalline films of zinc oxide (ZnO) are obtained on quartz substrates using ion sputtering and irradiated with Ag+ ions at an energy of 30 keV and relatively high fluences at ion current densities of 4, 8, and 12 µA/cm2. The X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and optical spectroscopy are used to study the effect of irradiation dose and ion current density on the structural modification and optical properties of the ZnO films. Nontrivial dependences of the structural and optical parameters of the films on the ion irradiation regimes are due to radiation heating and film sputtering under the action of the ion beam, diffusion of impurity, formation of silver nanoparticles in the irradiated layer at high implantation fluences, and the diffusion of implanted impurity at relatively high ion current densities

Structure and optical properties of ZnO with silver nanoparticles

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Textured nanocrystalline ZnO thin films are synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition. According to X-ray diffraction data, the crystallite size is ~25 nm. Thin (~15 nm) ZnO layers containing Ag nanoparticles are formed in a thin surface region of the films by the implantation of Ag ions with an energy of 30 keV and a dose in the range (0.25–1) × 1017 ion/cm2. The structure and optical properties of the layers are studied. Histograms of the size distribution of Ag nanoparticles are obtained. The average size of the Ag nanoparticles varies from 0.5 to 1.5–2 nm depending on the Ag-ion implantation dose. The optical transmittance of the samples in the visible and ultraviolet regions increases, as the implantation dose is increased. The spectra of the absorption coefficient of the implanted films are calculated in the context of the (absorbing film)/(transparent substrate) model. It is found that the main changes in the optical-density spectra occur in the region of ~380 nm, in which the major contribution to absorption is made by Ag nanoparticles smaller than 0.75 nm in diameter. In this spectral region, absorption gradually decreases, as the Ag-ion irradiation dose is increased. This is attributed to an increase in the average size of the Ag nanoparticles. It is established that the broad surface-plasmon-resonance absorption bands typical of nanocomposite ZnO films with Ag nanoparticles synthesized by ion implantation are defined by the fact that the size of the nanoparticles formed does not exceed 1.5–2 nm

Structural and magnetic studies of thin Fe⁵⁷ films formed by ion beam assisted deposition

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Thin Fe57 films with the thickness of 120 nm have been prepared on glass substrates by using the ion-beam-assisted deposition technique. X-ray diffraction, electron microdiffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy studies have shown that as-deposited films are in a stressful nanostructured state containing the nanoscaled inclusions of α-phase iron with the size of ∼10 nm. Room temperature in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization measurements confirmed the presence of the magnetic α-phase in the iron film and indicated the strong effect of residual stresses on magnetic properties of the film as well. Subsequent thermal annealing of iron films in vacuum at the temperature of 450 °C stimulates the growth of α-phase Fe crystallites with the size of up to 20 nm. However, electron microdiffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopic data have shown the partial oxidation and carbonization of the iron film during annealing. The stress disappeared after annealing of the film. The magnetic behaviour of the annealed samples was characterized by the magnetic hysteresis loop with the coercive field of ∼10 mT and the saturation magnetization decreased slightly in comparison with the α-phase Fe magnetization due to small oxidation of the film