How do large commercial banks adjust capital ratios: empirical evidence from the US?

This research explores the balanced panel data to examine the level of capital adjustment for major insured commercial banks over the 2002-2018 period using a two-step GMM estimator. The findings show that the speed of adjustment of the large insured commercial banks is faster than that of non-financial companies. The results contribute to a slower average adjustment pace of a total capital ratio than the total risk-based capital and capital buffer ratios. The adjustment of capital is faster in the post-crisis period than during and before-crises era. The adequately capitalized banks adjust capital ratio faster than well-capitalized banks. In contrast, the under-capitalized banks adjust the total risk-based capital ratio and capital buffer ratio more quickly than that of others. The low liquid banks needed a higher time to restore equilibrium than high liquid banks. The results of this study have economic significance for policy implications and future regulations

A Weighted Exponential Detection Function Model for Line Transect Data

A new parametric model is proposed for modeling the density function of perpendicular distances in line transects sampling. The model can be considered a weighted exponential model in the sense that it combines two exponential models with different weights. The proposed model is appealing because it is monotone decreasing with distance from transect line; in contrast to the classical exponential model, it satisfies the shoulder condition at the origin. Simulation results for a wide range of target densities show reasonable and good performances of the weighted exponential model in most considered cases compared to the classical exponential and the half-normal models

Challenges and Prospects of Micro Finance Institutions A Detailed Study in India and Saudi Arabia

This paper is an attempt to explore some major challenges as well as prospects to the successful provision of micro financing in India and Saudi Arabia that can be stated as improved governance, professional management, improved internal transparency, lowering costs, better targeting of the low income group, expanding beyond credit to meet the diverse needs of borrowers, and a better financial infrastructure.The question arises here is if  the transformation from an NGO to NBFC helps or hinders an MFI’s ability to meet these challenges.This study explores the growth and status of Microfinance in India and Saudi Arabia during 2015-16.This further explores the salient features of MFIs both in India and Saudi Arabia perspective. Keywords: Microfinance, Solvency, Risk, Return, Non Performing Assets (NPAs), Strategic Management Framework

Metal water-sediment interactions and impacts on an urban ecosystem

The metal loadings and distributions are determined in water and sediment samples collected from 11 sites within the Lower Lee catchment (London, UK). Total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Sn and Zn indicate exceedances of relevant environmental water quality standards/sediment quality guidelines. Mean metal sediment concentrations were found to be highest for Zn (499.9±264.7 µg/g), Pb (175.7±83.0 µg/g) and Cu (141.1±111.0 µg/g) with Zn demonstrating elevated mean water concentrations (17.2±13.8 µg/l) followed by Ni (15.6±11.4 µg/l) and Cu(11.1±17.8 µg/l). Dynamic relationships between water and sediment phases influence metal distributions throughout the catchment

Örgütler ve çalışanlar üzerinde psikolojik güçlendirme ve katılımcı liderliğin etkilerinin incelenmesi

Regardless of the sector, companies need to be effective in their organizational structures and support the innovative behavior of their employees in order to ensure their sustainability in a constantly changing and developing competitive environment. The success of companies in innovative activities depends on the innovative behavior of the employees. For this reason, employees should be psychologically strong and at the same time share their thoughts and ideas in a participatory environment. Therefore, companies within the organizational structure should be able to use their human resources well because one of the criteria of being successful in competition depends on the ability to offer innovative products/services different from their competitors in the market where they are located. The human resources department is one of the most important factors in differentiating organizations. In order to benefit from human resources in the most efficient way and to ensure their motivation, it is necessary to psychologically strengthen the employees and ensure their participation within an organization. The aim of the study is to analyze the reactions of white-collar employees who work in food companies that have to make continuous production in order to meet the food needs of people, all while working against the leadership’s attitude in the busy pace of work. Within the scope of the research, surveys were collected from 365 personnel working in food companies in Istanbul operating in the production sector in 2019. Analyzes were made by using IBM SPSS 25 and AMOS. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, Sobel test, and Hayes process were performed respectively in order to examine variables and test hypotheses in the research model. As a result of the research, it was concluded that both psychological empowerment and participative leadership positively affect innovative behavior and organizational effectiveness.Şirketler hangi sektörde olursa olsun sürekli değişen ve gelişen rekabet ortamında sürdürülebilirliklerini sağlayabilmeleri için örgüt yapılarının etkililiğini ve çalışanlarının yenilikçi davranışlarını desteklemeleri gerekmektedir. Şirketlerin yenilikçi faaliyetlerde başarılı olması çalışanların yenilikçi davranışlar içinde olmasına bağlıdır. Çalışanların psikolojik açıdan güçlü olmalarıyla birlikte aynı zamanda düşüncelerini ve fikirlerini paylaşabilecekleri katılımcı bir ortamında sağlanabilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle şirketler insan kaynaklarını iyi kullanabilmelidirler. Çünkü rekabet de başarılı olabilmenin ölçütlerinden biride rakiplerden farklı yenilikçi ürünleri/hizmetleri bulundukları pazarda sunabilmelerine bağlıdır. Örgütlerin sahip oldukları insan kaynakları, örgütlerin farklılaşabilmesinde en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Dolayısıyla insan kaynakları faktörü birçok örgütsel araştırma alanında temel nokta olmaktadır. İnsan kaynağından en verimli bir şekilde yararlanabilmek, çalışanların motivasyonlarının iyi olmasını sağlayabilmek için çalışanların psikolojik açıdan güçlendirilmeleri ve örgüte katılımlarının sağlanabilmesi gerekmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı kapsamında insanların gıda ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla gıda sektöründe yer alan firmalarda çalışmakta olan beyaz yakalı çalışanların psikolojik güçlendirme ve katılımcı liderliğin etkisiyle yenilikçi davranışlarının ve örgütsel etkililiğin ne yönde etkilendiğini analiz etmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında 2019 yılında İstanbul'da üretim sektöründe faaliyet gösteren gıda firmalarında görev yapan 365 personelden anketler toplandı. Verilerin analizinde IBM SPSS 25 ve AMOS programları kullanılmıştır. Sırasıyla korelasyon analizi, regresyon analizi, Sobel testi ve Hayes process yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda hem psikolojik güçlendirmenin hem de katılımcı liderliğin yenilikçi davranışı ve örgütsel etkinliği olumlu etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır

A Technique for Better Energy Management of Single-Stage Topology of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System

This paper proposes a technique for energy managing of a stand-alone photovoltaic system. The proposed system employs a power processing inverter, which contains high PV voltage at the input to mitigate the magnitude of AC signal at the output, eliminating use of DC-DC converter and reduces the input capacitor size of PV array. To meet the power requirement of load and to maintain the maximum power point operation of PV array, battery bank is utilized with a bi-directional converter. An impedance model of the complete system is executed. Based on the model, the control architecture is designed which works in four modes: 1)  if load demands >  MPP of PV, additional current is extracted from the battery; 2) if load demands <  MPP of PV array, extra current is given to the battery; 3) only load management is utilized since the battery bank is not available because of over-charging or under-charging; 4) if irradiation varies then first mode is used for load requirement. The technique is designed which guarantees the maximum power point tracking of PV system even without using any intermediate stage of DC-DC converter, hence making it single-stage, MPPT is achieved by effectively controlling bi-directional converter used for battery charging and discharging purpose. To ensure better utilization of dc voltage enhanced efficiency and low less harmonic distortion, sinusoidal PWM technique is used to drive the inverter. Simulation results are carried out for ensuring better energy management along with MPPT operation demonstrated under uniform operating conditions

An Empirical Study of Technological Innovations in the Field of Accounting - Boon or Bane

In this paper researchers make an attempt by doing intense work that how technological innovations make jobs of accountant so easy from their routine jobs from posting to generating accounting statements etc. with the help of available software and technology in accounting field.Technological innovations have changed an obstructed job of accountant into easier one and that too rapid and accurate, with these developments researchers have found and witnessed that it has affected erstwhile as it has restricted entry for so many into an accounting field  as jobs of accountants have shrunk and in few hands who are technology accelerators and technology driven.Researchers have shown how technology has affected the outcome and impact on business in terms of accuracy, pace and swiftness.Researchers have made an attempt to explore various cause and effect relationship between available software in accounting, technology and accountants.In their intense and in depth research we have designed questionnaire comprised of many questions in which respondents are selected from top management, employees and included job seekers too in order to receive their unbiased responses during primary data collection.Wherever found necessary researchers have taken secondary data also to make study more accurate, interesting and feasible

Initial Investigations of Controller Tools and Procedures for Schedule-Based Arrival Operations with Mixed Flight-Deck Interval Management Equipage

NASA's Air Traffic Management Demonstration-1 (ATD-1) is a multi-year effort to demonstrate high-throughput, fuel-efficient arrivals at a major U.S. airport using NASA-developed scheduling automation, controller decision-support tools, and ADS-B-enabled Flight-Deck Interval Management (FIM) avionics. First-year accomplishments include the development of a concept of operations for managing scheduled arrivals flying Optimized Profile Descents with equipped aircraft conducting FIM operations, and the integration of laboratory prototypes of the core ATD-1 technologies. Following each integration phase, a human-in-the-loop simulation was conducted to evaluate and refine controller tools, procedures, and clearance phraseology. From a ground-side perspective, the results indicate the concept is viable and the operations are safe and acceptable. Additional training is required for smooth operations that yield notable benefits, particularly in the areas of FIM operations and clearance phraseology