Effect of some candidate genes on meat characteristics of three cattle breeds.

With the aim to assess if some molecular markers can help to select animals for meat characteristics, we studied 84 individuals equally representing the Marchigiana, Maremmana, and Holstein Friesian cattle breeds genotyped at 288 SNPs located within candidate genes. Several SNPs were found associated with meat quality parameters but with P which was higher than the Bonferroni threshold. However, several SNPs had a low P at different times during meat maturation, suggesting their involvement in the meat quality variation. Of particular interest for the biological role and potential for selection were: cathepsin G affecting MFI, IGF1R affecting pH and collagen XVIII affecting colour

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for predicting the phospholipid fraction and the total fatty acid composition of freeze-dried beef

Peer reviewe

Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting the Phospholipid Fraction and the Total Fatty Acid Composition of Freeze-Dried Beef

Research on fatty acids (FA) is important because their intake is related to human health. NIRS can be a useful tool to estimate the FA of beef but due to the high moisture and the high absorbance of water makes it difficult to calibrate the analyses. This work evaluated near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a tool to assess the total fatty acid composition and the phospholipid fraction of fatty acids of beef using freeze-dried meat. An average of 22 unrelated pure breed young bulls from 15 European breeds were reared on a common concentrate-based diet. A total of 332 longissimus thoracis steaks were analysed for fatty acid composition and a freeze-dried sample was subjected to near-infrared spectral analysis. 220 samples (67%) were used as a calibration set with the remaining 110 (33%) being used for validation of the models obtained. There was a large variation in the total FA concentration across the animals giving a good data set for the analysis and whilst the coefficient of variation was nearly 68% for the monounsaturated FA it was only 27% for the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). PLS method was used to develop the prediction models. The models for the phospholipid fraction had a low R2p and high standard error, while models for neutral lipid had the best performance, in general. It was not possible to obtain a good prediction of many individual PUFA concentrations being present at low concentrations and less variable than other FA. The best models were developed for Total FA, saturated FA, 9c18:1 and 16:1 with R2p greater than 0.76. This study indicates that NIRS is a feasible and useful tool for screening purposes and it has the potential to predict most of the FA of freeze-dried beef

Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting the Phospholipid Fraction and the Total Fatty Acid Composition of Freeze-Dried Beef

Research on fatty acids (FA) is important because their intake is related to human health. NIRS can be a useful tool to estimate the FA of beef but due to the high moisture and the high absorbance of water makes it difficult to calibrate the analyses. This work evaluated near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a tool to assess the total fatty acid composition and the phospholipid fraction of fatty acids of beef using freeze-dried meat. An average of 22 unrelated pure breed young bulls from 15 European breeds were reared on a common concentrate-based diet. A total of 332 longissimus thoracis steaks were analysed for fatty acid composition and a freeze-dried sample was subjected to near-infrared spectral analysis. 220 samples (67%) were used as a calibration set with the remaining 110 (33%) being used for validation of the models obtained. There was a large variation in the total FA concentration across the animals giving a good data set for the analysis and whilst the coefficient of variation was nearly 68% for the monounsaturated FA it was only 27% for the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). PLS method was used to develop the prediction models. The models for the phospholipid fraction had a low R2p and high standard error, while models for neutral lipid had the best performance, in general. It was not possible to obtain a good prediction of many individual PUFA concentrations being present at low concentrations and less variable than other FA. The best models were developed for Total FA, saturated FA, 9c18:1 and 16:1 with R2p greater than 0.76. This study indicates that NIRS is a feasible and useful tool for screening purposes and it has the potential to predict most of the FA of freeze-dried beef

La race a-t-elle un effet sur la qualité sensorielle de la viande de jeune bovin?

Dans le cadre du consortium européen Gemqual, 436 jeunes bovins issus de 15 races bovines différentes ont été conduits dans des systèmes d'élevage similaires afin d'évaluer l'impact de la race sur la qualité organoleptique de la viande déterminée par analyse sensorielle. Une comparaison de deux méthodes statistiques pour traiter les données de l'analyse sensorielle a tout d'abord été réalisée. L'analyse de variance avec ou sans effet dégustateur a abouti à des résultats similaires indiquant que ce choix méthodologique n'est pas décisif pour l'interprétation des résultats. Une classification non supervisée (classification ascendante hiérarchique) a ensuite permis de classer les races en fonction de trois profils sensoriels sur la base de 4 descripteurs (tendreté, jutosité, intensité de flaveur et flaveur anormale). Elle permet de mettre en évidence 5 associations de races. : Les races Aberdeen Angus, Highland et Jersey, qui ont une teneur élevée en lipides dans le muscle étudié (Longissimus thoracis), se sont distinguées des autres races par une flaveur de bœuf plus élevée. Les races mixtes et rustiques, Simmental, Casina et Marchigiana, ont produit une viande significativement moins juteuse et moins tendre que celle des races sélectionnées pour la production de viande. Les trois autres associations suivantes rassemblent les races Limousine et Charolaise dont le profil semble assez proche, les races Pirenaica et Avilena tendres et fortement appréciées par les panélistes, les races Asturiana de los Valles et Piemontaise caractérisées par une flaveur anormale plus intense. Dans l'ensemble, malgré des différences significatives de caractéristiques de l'animal, de la carcasse et du muscle, les différences de qualité sensorielle entre la plupart des races étaient faibles, avec seulement des différences significatives entre les quelques races qui présentaient des profils sensoriels extrêmes (comme la Simmental et la Pirenaica).PublishedCet article correspond à une étude publiée dans Livestock Science 250 (2021) 104548. Elle démontre qu’il existe peu de différences de qualité sensorielle entre races bovines bien que les races rustiques ou mixtes tendent à produire une viande légèrement moins tendre et moins juteuse et les races les plus grasses une viande avec plus de goû

Hunting area affects chemical and physical characteristics and fatty acid composition of wild boar (Sus scrofa) meat

Wild boar populations have increased in the last few decades. The hunting will increase the availability of wild boar meat. the geographycal hunting area influenced the cooking loss percentage, dry matter and protein content. The major fatty acids in Longissimus thoracis muscle are oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic respectively

Milk Fat Depression and <i>Trans-</i>11 to <i>Trans-</i>10 C18:1 Shift in Milk of Two Cattle Farming Systems

Milk fat depression (MFD) syndrome, a consistent decrease in milk fat content, is related to important changes in fatty acid composition due to feed imbalances and the consequent ruminal metabolism alteration. Milk produced in two different farming systems was compared: Holstein Friesian fed with unified in intensive production and Podolica raised on a pasture in an extensive system. Milk chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition were determined comparing milk with a normal fat level (>3.8%) to milk with a low fat level (trans-11 and increase in trans-10 C18:1 (shift from trans-11 to trans-10 C18:1) in low fat with respect to normal fat milk with a consequent decrease in the trans-11/trans-10 C18:1 ratio. Even conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, was lower while CLA trans-10, cis-12 was higher in low fat milk than in normal fat milk from Holstein Friesian. These changes, that are indicators of MFD syndrome, were not found in Podolica milk between fat levels. Holstein Friesian milk showed less short-chain fatty acids (9.48 % vs. 11.05%, p trans vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans-11, 0.51% vs. 3.39%, p cis-9, trans-11, 0.32% vs. 1.45%, p p < 0.001) contents than Podolica milk. Further losses of these human healthy nutrients in low fat Friesian milk reduced the nutritional quality of the milk, while the milk from animals raised on the pasture was of better quality even when the level of fat was low