The random growth of interfaces as a subordinated process

We study the random growth of surfaces from within the perspective of a single column, namely, the fluctuation of the column height around the mean value, y(t)= h(t)-, which is depicted as being subordinated to a standard fluctuation-dissipation process with friction gamma. We argue that the main properties of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang theory, in one dimension, are derived by identifying the distribution of return times to y(0) = 0, which is a truncated inverse power law, with the distribution of subordination times. The agreement of the theoretical prediction with the numerical treatment of the 1 + 1 dimensional model of ballistic deposition is remarkably good, in spite of the finite size effects affecting this model.Comment: LaTeX, 4 pages, 3 figure

A new displacement-based framework for non-local Timoshenko beams

In this paper, a new theoretical framework is presented for modeling non-locality in shear deformable beams. The driving idea is to represent non-local effects as long-range volume forces and moments, exchanged by non-adjacent beam segments as a result of their relative motion described in terms of pure deformation modes of the beam. The use of these generalized measures of relative motion allows constructing an equivalent mechanical model of non-local effects. Specifically, long-range volume forces and moments are associated with three spring-like connections acting in parallel between couples of non-adjacent beam segments, and separately accounting for pure axial, pure bending and pure shear deformation modes. The variational consistency of the proposed non-local beam model is demonstrated by minimization of an appropriate total potential energy functional. Numerical results concerning the static behavior for different boundary and loading conditions are presented. It is shown that the proposed non-local beam model is able to capture experimental data on the static deflection of micro-beams, available in the literature

Potassium partitioning between leaves and clusters: Role of rootstock

Different scion/rootstock combinations in grapevine (Vitis vinifera/Vitis spp.) were tested for nutritional properties and juice composition. Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon each grafted on 22 rootstock varieties (10 new crosses and 12 already used in viticulture) were grown in outdoor pots containing very poor nutritional substrate. Crop load had a strong effect on juice composition and potassium nutrition. Results indicate that under our experimental conditions rootstock can have an effect on potassium partitioning between leaves and cluster 9 out of 22 rootstocks that we tried were able to improve leaf potassium content without inducing a significant increase in juice potassium conten

Wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera var. silvestris) in Italy: Distribution, characteristics and germplasm preservation-1989 report

Research on the distribution and characteristics of wild grapevines (Vitis vinifera var. silvestris) in Italy was started whose main goals are: the preservation of the germplasm by setting up plant collections;the furthering of biological knowledge about this plant;the study of relations between wild and cultivated grapevines by means of chemotaxonomic techniques;the assessment of the possibility of using wild plants for genetic improvement of grapevines.The gathering of data began in 1984. 221 sites in 15 out of the 20 Italian regions have been indicated as possible locations in which wild grapevines grow. So far, 49 of these sites have been inspected. The greatest number of individuals were found in central Italy. This population is dioecious (male/female = 1.8) with few (2.0 %) hermaphrodite examples.The leaves of the Italian wild grapevines generally have 3 lobes (57 %), but 5 to 7-lobe (36%) and non-lobed (8.9 %) plants exist. Lower variability exists with regard to leaf shape. The study of seed morphology has classified the plants into three groupe, one of which is very numerous.Two germplasm collections have been established with approximately 400 vines

On the vibrations of a mechanically based non-local beam model

The vibration problem of a Timoshenko non-local beam is addressed. The beam model involves assuming that the equilibrium of each volume element is attained due to contact forces and long-range body forces exerted, respectively, by adjacent and non-adjacent volume elements. The contact forces result in the classical Cauchy stress tensor while the long-range forces are taken as depending on the product of the interacting volume elements and on their relative displacement through a material-dependent distance-decaying function. To derive the motion equations and the related mechanical boundary conditions, the Hamilton's principle is appliedThe vibration problem of a Timoshenko non-local beam is addressed. The beam model involves assuming that the equilibrium of each volume element is attained due to contact forces and long-range body forces exerted, respectively, by adjacent and non-adjacent volume elements. The contact forces result in the classical Cauchy stress tensor while the long-range forces are taken as depending on the product of the interacting volume elements and on their relative displacement through a material-dependent distance-decaying function. To derive the motion equations and the related mechanical boundary conditions, the Hamilton's principle is applie

Analysis of VvMybA1 and VvMybA2 genes in grape bud sports

Berry skin colour is a fundamental qualitative trait of grape varieties, which has become largely diversified during the centuries of viticulture. Colour mutations in grape berry, resulting in black, red, pink, grey, green and yellow fruits, were relatively frequent events. In the Carpathian Basin there are several berry colour variant groups named conculta, members of which contain bud sports differing in skin colour. In most cases, this difference cannot be detected by microsatellite analysis, therefore we examined the variations of the VvMybA1 and VvMybA2 genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Based on the results of the allelic polymorphisms, we have discriminated the conculta members among the old Hungarian and several other foreign varieties. Based on our results, it was possible to find molecular differences in 10 out of 14 concultas

Genetic studies on Trebbiano and morphologically related varieties by SSR and AFLP markers

Several grapevine varieties are named Trebbiano and have similar phenotypical characteristics (e.g. whitish berries, late ripening, vigorous growth). Other vines share many of the morphological characteristics of Trebbiano but have different names. In order to clarify the relationships between some of these varieties, a study was carried out with 7 Trebbiano varieties and 17 cultivars that are morphologically similar to Trebbiano. AFLP and SSR analyses were performed to define genetic similarity among the Trebbiano cultivars as well as between the Trebbiano cultivars and related varieties. Results show a large degree of variability between most of the cultivars and suggest that they do not share a common ancestor. Genetic analysis revealed that cv. Verdicchio is identical with Trebbiano di Soave which is very similar to Trebbiano di Lugana.

Free and glycosylated green leaf volatiles, lipoxygenase and alcohol dehydrogenase in defoliated Nebbiolo grapes during postharvest dehydration

none7noBackground and Aims: Nebbiolo grapes are used to produce Sfursat wine, following partial dehydration. This research aimed to clarify the influence of fruit exposure to light and postharvest water loss on the concentration of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and lipoxygenase (LOX) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity of grapes. Methods and Results: Nebbiolo grapes from Control vines (no defoliation) (ND) and from vines defoliated at fruitset (DFS) or defoliated post-veraison (DPV) were harvested at about 23°Brix and dehydrated at 10 and 20°C, 60% RH and air flow of 1.5 m/s. Berries were sampled at 10 and 20% mass loss (ML). Significant differences in crop yield, bunch mass and berry mass were observed. As expected, the higher the dehydration temperature, the faster the dehydration process: 20% ML at 20°C occurred between 18 and 25 days, the shortest time corresponding to ND and the longest to DFS; at 10°C, the dehydration lasted between 27 and 32 days. At 10°C, the ADH activity was almost double that at 20°C, and in DFS was much higher than in other samples. At harvest, LOX did not show any difference among the samples, while at 10°C and 10% ML, the enzyme activity increased significantly and then declined at 20% ML, especially in defoliated samples. At harvest, the total free GLVs associated with the metabolism of lipid oxidation were 9434, 7212 and 11 656 μg/kg dry weight (DW) in ND, DFS and DPV samples, respectively; the total bound GLVs lipid-derived were 7599, 18 486 and 15 409 μg/kg DW in ND, DFS and DPV samples, respectively. During dehydration at 10°C, the ML induced ADH + LOX activity, especially in defoliated samples, but the bound GLVs, produced by defoliation, greatly decreased. Conclusions: Defoliation affected the response of Nebbiolo grapes to dehydration temperature: postharvest cold stress (10°C) and ML induced glycosylation of GLVs, alcohol formation (via ADH) and membrane oxidation (via LOX); a further stress effect was observed with leaf removal, regardless of the time of application. Significance of the Study: The timing of defoliation and postharvest dehydration temperature are significant factors to mitigate the postharvest stress response of Nebbiolo grapes.openPiombino P.; Genovese A.; Rustioni L.; Moio L.; Failla O.; Bellincontro A.; Mencarelli F.Piombino, P.; Genovese, A.; Rustioni, L.; Moio, L.; Failla, O.; Bellincontro, A.; Mencarelli, F