Effects of different levels of date pits in broilers’ feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on broilers’ performance and carcass characteristic

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of date pits (DP) to reduce the deleterious effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broiler chicks. A total of 216 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were distributed randomly for nine treatments (with four replicates and six birds in each) for 35 days. The experiment included a 3×3 factorial arrangement of treatments involving three levels of DP (0, 2 and 4%) and three levels of AFB1 (0, 150 and 300 ppb) based on a completely randomized design. There was a significant reduction of feed intake with treatment of 300 ppb during fourth and fifth weeks. DP levels were effective in diminishing the adverse effect caused by aflatoxin on feed intake of broilers (P < 0.05). However, 4% date pits had better effect. Mean body weights were not affected weekly, but the main effect of aflatoxin was significantly (P < 0.05) low by feeding 300 ppb aflatoxin in fourth and fifth weeks. Treatments with DP levels did not show any significant change with control group in case of feed conversion ratio; however the main effect of aflatoxin diets containing 300 ppb showed significant reduction in feed conversion ratio only in fourth week (P <0.05). Carcass weight decreased significantly in the main levels of AFB1 while the relative weight of the liver, intestine, gizzard and thigh increased significantly (P ≥ 0.05). Other carcass parts were not affected. It is  suggested that DP might be used for reducing the adverse effects of aflatoxin in the broiler diets.Keywords: Aflatoxin, broiler, date pits, performance, carcass characteristicAfrican Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 13(1), pp. 185-193, 1 January, 201

Comparison of the conformity rate of dental age based on Demirjian and Nolla methods with chronological age in 5-16 year old children in Hamedan city

Background: Considering the different results of dental age estimation tests for different populations and lack of sufficient studies on the Iranian race, this study was designed to compare the conformity rate of Demirjian and Nolla methods in dental age estimation. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 185 panoramic radiographs were assessed using patients' medical documents of pediatric and orthodontic departments. The maturation of each mandible left side permanent teeth except the third molars was categorized as A-H in Demirjian and 0-10 in the Nolla method. Results: The mean age of the participants was 9.6±2.8 years. For both genders, the Nolla and Demirjian methods had underestimation and overestimation, respectively, compared to chronological age. Pearson correlation coefficients for chronological age in the Nolla and Demirjian methods were (Pmale=0.982, Pfemale=0.985) and (Pmale=0.987, Pfemale=0.988), respectively. The difference between chronological age and dental age in the Nolla method ranged from -0.02 to 0.77 and -0.1 to 0.70 for boys and girls, respectively and ranged from 0.02 to 0.76 and 0.05 to 0.9 similarly in the Demirjian method. Conclusion: The Demirjian and Nolla methods are always associated with an overestimation and underestimation respectively compared to chronological age. Considering the difference between chronological age and dental age in the two methods, the average of differences in the Nolla method was lower compared to Demirjian. So, the Nolla method has more accurate estimation of chronological age. Therefore, in the present study, the Nolla method is more preferable than the Demirjian method

Dental management of a child with Joubert syndrome: a case report

Joubert syndrome is a rare type of autosomal recessive genetic disorder that the incidence of it has been estimated to be in 80000 -100000 live births. Brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) with molar tooth sign is sufficient for a definite diagnosis. Immediately after birth, the prognosis depends on the severity and extent of the respiratory disorder. In this case a 5-year-old boy with joubert syndrome was brought by his parents due to inability to chewing due to dental caries and toothache. According to the patient’s clinical condition and inability to cooperate his dental procedures were performed under anesthesia at the hospital.  These patients are sensitive to the respiratory effects of anesthetics like opiate and nitrous oxide, therefore, they should not be used. In this patient we used sevoflurane gas to induce general anesthesia.  Advanced dental caries are observed in the reported cases of this syndrome, which may be attributed to dental hypoplasia and the inability to observe dental and oral hygiene. Thus, the patients’ parents must be given necessary instructions on the observance of oro-dental hygiene and regular follow-ups should be done for dental check-ups and preventive measures

Comparison of success rate of pulpotomy in primary teeth and related factors using formocresol conducted by dental students in Hamedan dental school

Background and Aims: The structural distinction of primary teeth compared to the permanent teeth leads to a faster penetration of the caries into the pulp, which makes effective treatment necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the success rate of pulpotomy in primary molar teeth and its effective factors using formocresol by students and residents at the department of pediatric dentistry of Hamedan dental school. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 113 children who previously had pulpotomy by formecresol in their primary molars (30 children by residents and 83 children by the students) were randomly evaluated based on referral time (at least 12 months after treatment) in terms of clinical and radiographic success rates. Data were analyzed by SPSS20 software using Chi-square and descriptive statistics. Results: The success of the pulpotomy of primary molar teeth was 81.7%. The success rates of the general students and residents were 79.3% and 87.3%, respectively. The percentage of successful pulpotomy was significantly higher in general students at Stainless Steel Crown (S.S.C), second molar in maxilla (P0.05). The percentage of pulpotomy success performed by residents did not have a significant correlation with gender, age, type of repair, type of teeth and jaws (P>0.05). In general, the percentage of success in S.S.C, the second molar and maxillary jaw was higher. Also, the success rate of pulpotomy by residents was significantly higher than that of general- students (P<0.05). The highest rates of pulpotomy failure were related to internal analysis. Conclusion: Formocresol pulpotomy using S.S.C in the maxillary second molar teeth had higher success rate

Comparison of the conformity rate of dental age based on Demirjian and Nolla methods with chronological age in 5-16 year old children in Hamedan city

Background: Considering the different results of dental age estimation tests for different populations and lack of sufficient studies on the Iranian race, this study was designed to compare the conformity rate of Demirjian and Nolla methods in dental age estimation. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 185 panoramic radiographs were assessed using patients' medical documents of pediatric and orthodontic departments. The maturation of each mandible left side permanent teeth except the third molars was categorized as A-H in Demirjian and 0-10 in the Nolla method. Results: The mean age of the participants was 9.6±2.8 years. For both genders, the Nolla and Demirjian methods had underestimation and overestimation, respectively, compared to chronological age. Pearson correlation coefficients for chronological age in the Nolla and Demirjian methods were (Pmale=0.982, Pfemale=0.985) and (Pmale=0.987, Pfemale=0.988), respectively. The difference between chronological age and dental age in the Nolla method ranged from -0.02 to 0.77 and -0.1 to 0.70 for boys and girls, respectively and ranged from 0.02 to 0.76 and 0.05 to 0.9 similarly in the Demirjian method. Conclusion: The Demirjian and Nolla methods are always associated with an overestimation and underestimation respectively compared to chronological age. Considering the difference between chronological age and dental age in the two methods, the average of differences in the Nolla method was lower compared to Demirjian. So, the Nolla method has more accurate estimation of chronological age. Therefore, in the present study, the Nolla method is more preferable than the Demirjian method