Risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease of unknown origin (Ckdu) in North Central Province (NCP) of Sri Lanka: An analysis of evidence to date

© 2020 The Authors. Published by [Name of Publisher]. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://acquaintpublications.org/journals/journal-of-medical-case-reports-and-case-series/current-issue/12Chronic kidney disease of unknown origin (CKDu) is a global burden among the agricultural communities, this is a non-communicable disease (NCD) which is asymptomatic and irreversible until latter stages of the disease. The disease has no common features unlike chronic kidney diseases (CKD’s) making early detection impossible in the patients. The most recent form of CKDu was reported in India, known as the Indian CKDu in late 2010’s. In Sri Lanka, CKDu is highly prevalent in the north central province of the country with nearly15.1%-22.9% presented with the disease. This region is a dry-zone in which agricultural and farming activities are carried out as the main occupation. Several studies have been carried out linking CKDu to various factors such as heavy metals in water, agrochemicals, heat, dehydration and socio-demographics in NCP. Despite several researches being conducted none of them were able to prove the root cause and causative factors of the disease. Using the available articles online, studies from countries such as India, Nicaragua, Sri Lanka and South America were chosen in which heat stress, dehydration, heavy metal involvement, agrochemicals were common causative factors reported in these geographical locations. Several studies analyzed indicate that the affected CKDu population were part of the agricultural community in rural areas with less or no proper high school education and family history with CKDu. Recent findings do suggest that a combination study involving socio-demographical data and geographical data will help to end the CKDu debate worldwide and provide new insights into early diagnosis

A Probabilistic Scheme for Fully Nonlinear Nonlocal Parabolic PDEs with singular L\'evy measures

We introduce a Monte Carlo scheme for fully nonlinear parabolic nonlocal PDE's whose nonlinearity in of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs (HJBI for short). We avoid the difficulties of infinite L\'evy measure by truncation of the L\'evy integral. The first result provides the convergence of the scheme for general parabolic nonlinearities. The second result provides bounds on the rate of convergence for concave (or equivalently convex) nonlinearities. For both results, it is crucial to choose truncation of the infinite L\'evy measure appropriately dependent on the time discretization. We also introduce a Monte Carlo Quadrature method to approximate the nonlocal term in the HJBI nonlinearity.Comment: Keywords: Viscosity solution, nonlocal PDE, Monte Carlo approximatio

Chemistry and Biology of Streptogramin A Antibiotics

The streptogramin A antibiotics have proven to be highly active against Gram positive bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Members of this group of compounds are characterized by a 23-membered macrocycles containing polyene, oxazole, amide and ester functionality. The chemistry and biology of these valuable antimicrobial agents is covered

Impact of water scarcity on food security at macro level in Pakistan

Pakistan is confronting the problem of water scarcity which is rendering an adverse impact on food security. The study examines the impact of water scarcity on food security in an era of climate change. It further focuses on projecting the future trends of water and food stock. The research effort probes the links among water scarcity, climate change, food security, water security, food inflation, poverty and management of water resources. Data on food security was collected from the FSA (Food Security analysis) of the Sustainable development Policy institute (SDPI) and Food insecurity and Vulnerability Information mapping system (FIVIMS). Logistic regression equations have been employed to catch the effect of water scarcity on three components of food security separately. In fact, the present study develops a series of models that captures the impact of water scarcity on the components of food security at Macro level.The models has traced an adverse impact of water scarcity water scarcity on food security at macro levels. The findings so obtained may help in proposing the policy guidelines for overcoming water scarcity and handling with food insecurity caused by water scarcity and other factors.Water scarcity, Water supply, Water demand, Food security, Macro level

Impact of water scarcity on food security at meso level in Pakistan

Pakistan is confronting the problem of water scarcity which is rendering an adverse impact on food security. The study examines the impact of water scarcity on food security in an era of climate change. It further focuses on projecting the future trends of water and food stock. The research effort probes the links among water scarcity, climate change, food security, water security, food inflation, poverty and management of water resources. Data on food security was collected from the FSA (Food Security analysis) of the Sustainable development Policy institute (SDPI) and Food insecurity and Vulnerability Information mapping system (FIVIMS). Simultaneous, structural and reduced form equations have been employed to catch the effect of water scarcity on three components of food security separately. In fact, the present study develops a series of models that captures the impact of water scarcity on the components of food security at Meso level. The models have traced an adverse impact of water scarcity water scarcity on food security at Meso levels. The findings so obtained may help in proposing the policy guidelines for overcoming water scarcity and handling with food insecurity caused by water scarcity and other factors.Water scarcity, Water supply, Water Demand, Food security, Meso level, Simultaneous equations

To identify and examine the different causes of liver disease in Sri Lanka

© 2017 The Authors. Published by International Journal of Science and Research. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://www.ijsr.net/get_abstract.php?paper_id=ART20178732Liver disease is one of the main causes for deaths in Sri Lanka, this is the second most common disease causing deaths in hospitals in Sri Lanka after the heart disease. Sri Lanka ranks eighty-nine (89) in the world rankings for liver disease causing 3349 deaths according to the data published by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the 2014 calendar year and an average of 15.28 deaths per hundred thousand. The two most common forms of this disease is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic fatty liver disease. The data collected by the WHO is analyzed and the different causes for the liver disease is identified between the period of 1980-2010, using the different factors responsible for the cause of the disease data is distinguished. Of the data collected and analyzed most causes of liver disease in Sri Lanka is due to the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or alcoholic fatty liver disease which leads to severe complications such as renal failure, liver cirrhosis and eventually deat

Area spectral efficiency of a channel adaptive cellular mobile radio system in a correlated shadowed environment

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Impact of water scarcity on food security at micro level in Pakistan

Pakistan is confronting the problem of water scarcity which is rendering an adverse impact on food security. The study examines the impact of water scarcity on food security in an era of climate change. It further focuses on projecting the future trends of water and food stock. The research effort probes the links among water scarcity, climate change, food security, water security, food inflation, poverty and management of water resources. Data on food security was collected from the FSA (Food Security analysis) of the Sustainable development Policy institute (SDPI) and Food insecurity and Vulnerability Information mapping system (FIVIMS). Logistic equations have been employed to catch the effect of water scarcity on three components of food security separately. In fact, the present study develops a series of models that captures the impact of water scarcity on the components of food security at Micro level. The models have traced an adverse impact of water scarcity water scarcity on food security at Micro level. The findings so obtained may help in proposing the policy guidelines for overcoming water scarcity and handling with food insecurity caused by water scarcity and other factors.Water scarcity, Water supply, Water Demand, Food security, Micro level, Logistic regression

Asymptotic Analysis for Optimal Dividends in a Dual Risk Model

The dual risk model is a popular model in finance and insurance, which is often used to model the wealth process of a venture capital or high tech company. Optimal dividends have been extensively studied in the literature for the dual risk model. It is well known that the value function of this optimal control problem does not yield closed-form solutions except in some special cases. In this paper, we study the asymptotics of the optimal dividends problem when the parameters of the model go to either zero or infinity. Our results provide insights to the optimal strategies and the optimal values when the parameters are extreme.Comment: 23 page