Pengaruh Pembelajaran Menggunakan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Problem Based Learning Pada Materi Fluida Statis Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika

This study aims to determine the effect of using student worksheet based problem based learning on static fluid material to physics learning outcomes and to improve physics study result.The subjects of this study are students of class XI IPA 6 and 5 SMAN 16 Bandarlampung as many as 64 students. The research design used is Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The test result of independent sample t-test obtained tcount>ttable (9.965> 1.670) and significance (0.000≤0.05) mean that there is influence of learning result between experiment class and control class. The average N-gain value in the experimental class is 0.570, while 0.298 for the control class. This means a larger increase when viewed from the difference in average N-gain learning outcomes of experimental class physics with control classes.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan lembar kerja siswa berbasis problem based learning pada materi fluida statis terhadap hasil belajar fisika dan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar fisika. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 6 dan 5 SMAN 16 Bandarlampung sebanyak 64 siswa. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Hasil uji independent sample t-test didapatkan nilai thitung>ttabel (9,965>1,670) dan signifikansi (0,000≤0,05) artinya terdapat pengaruh hasil belajar antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Rata-rata nilai N-gain pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,570, sedangkan 0,298 untuk kelas kontrol. Artinya terjadi peningkatan yang lebih besar jika dilihat dari perbedaan rata-rata N-gain hasil belajar fisika kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol

Computation of Dynamic Large Displacements in Earth Systems

A model for the computation of seismically induced permanent displacements is earth structures are proposed. This model allows relative sliding between different zones of the structure under investigation. Large displacements are allowed between these zones. Elasto-plastic constitutive soil behavior is accounted for. An updated Lagrangian Jaumann Finite Element formulation is used. The proposed model is used to predict the observed behavior of LaVillita Dam during the November 15, 1975 earthquake

Monitoring settling and consolidation of fluid mud in a laboratory using ultrasonic measurements

Ultrasound measurements are routinely used to evaluate the safe depth for ships navigation - nautical depth - at waterways and ports using single-beam dual-frequency echo-sounders. The nautical depth is routinely defined by suspension density in the range of 1100–1300 kg/m3 in the mud layer. While ultrasound measurements have a weak sensitivity to density variations, calibration is always needed to convert ultrasound measurements into reliable indicators for nautical depth levels in the mud layers using densely distributed density rheological in-situ measurements. We present a laboratory ultrasonic transmission experiment to monitor the fluid mud’s settling and consolidation processes using a sample from the Port of Rotterdam. We use P- and S-wave ultrasonic transducers in the frequency range between 200 to 1000 kHz. Our results show that the P-wave velocities slightly increase during the consolidation and settling process while the P-wave amplitudes decrease. On the other hand, we observe a high S-wave velocity that increases together with amplitudes over time. The P- and S-wave amplitude and S-wave velocity variation over time correlate well with the mud average density variation. The presented results can be very useful for fluid-mud monitoring at a lab scale, besides possible utilization for large-scale monitoring field campaigns

Experimental and numerical study of the behavior of RC slabs with openings reinforced by metal mesh under impact loading

The main objective of the following work is to inspect the effect of reinforcing metal mesh on the behavior of slabs with openings under impact loadings. Based on an earlier numerical study by Shaheen et al. (2017), slabs with mid-side openings revealed the worst behavior regarding to deflection and cracked pattern when subjected to impact loading compared to other slabs with different locations of openings. Hence, the present work focuses specifically on this type of slabs and the variation in their behavior when reinforced by welded or expanded metal mesh. Seven specimens were prepared and tested in Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Egypt. Moreover, a FE model for the slabs was built using Abaqus 6.14 and verified against test results. It was found that expanded metal mesh had a significant effect on reducing deflection due to impact load as well as controlling of cracks in contrast with welded metal mesh

The structure of polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibres as studied by electron spin resonance and other electronic properties

In view of their recently acquired technological importance, the structure and properties of carbon fibres are currently receiving considerable attention. Although the use of electron spin resonance (CSR) in the study of carbons and graphites has long been established, the application of this technique specifically to carbon fibres has not been previously reported. In this thesis the ESR characteristics of a number of high temperature fibres is investigated, in conjunction with other electronic properties such as the thermoelectric power (TEP), the magneto-resistance and the electrical resistivity. The discovery of an anisotropy in the g-value of the ESR absorption of carbon fibres has made it possible to confirm that the graphitic crystallites, which make up the fibre structure, are preferentially aligned with their basal planes parallel to the fibre axis. This anisotropy is shown to be insensitive to slight crystallite misalignments, but on the other hand it clearly affords a good measure of the deeree of graphitization in carbon fibres and indicates that crystallite development in these materials always remains inferior to perfect single crystal graphite. This is in line with their nominally non-graphitizing nature. Comparing the ESR information with the results obtained from the other electronic properties investigated, reveals that the heat treatment temperature (HTT) of l7S0°C is associated with a major electronic change in the structure of these materials. The processes occurring at this HTT are discussed in terms of the available structural and band models in the carbon field. It is suggested that the appearance of the g-shift in this region is controlled by a critical interlayer or c-spacing in the graphitic crystallites. Furthermore it appears that the stresses formed in the material during the process of heat treatment are annealed in this region and this possibly plays a more significant role in the appearance of negative magneto-resistance that hitherto suspected. It is found that hot stretching carbon fibres invariably produces a change in all the properties investigated, in the direction of increased graphitization. Finally it is shown that correlation between the properties of different fibres can be satisfactorily achieved when these are expressed in terms of the g-anisotropy, which it is suggested, affords a good practical measure of graphitization or 'graphitic order' in these materials

Maternal mortality in the Gaza strip: a look at causes and solutions

Background: Maternal mortality is an important health indicator for the overall health of a population. This study assessed the causes and contributing factors to maternal mortality that occurred in the Gaza-Strip between July 2014 and June 2015. Methods: This is a retrospective study that used both quantitative and qualitative data. The data were collected from available medical records, investigation reports, death certificates, and field interviews with healthcare professionals as well as families. Results: A total of 18 maternal mortalities occurred in Gaza between 1st July 2014 and June 30th 2015. Age at time of death ranged from 18 to 44 years, with 44.4% occurring before the age of 35 years. About 22.2% were primiparous, while 55.6% were grand multiparous women. The most common causes of death were sepsis, postpartum haemorrhage, and pulmonary embolism. The most striking deficiency was very poor medical documentation which was observed in 17 cases (94%). In addition, poor communication between doctors and women and their families or among healthcare teams was noticed in nine cases (50%). These were repeatedly described by families during interviews. Further aspects surfacing in many interviews were distrust by families towards clinicians and poor understanding of health conditions by women. Other factors included socioeconomic conditions, poor antenatal attendance and the impact of the 2014 war. Low morale among medical staff was expressed by most interviewed clinicians, as well as the fear of being blamed by families and management in case of adverse events. Substandard care and lack of appropriate supervision were also found in some cases. Conclusions: This study revealed deficiencies in maternity care, some of which were linked to the socioeconomic situation and the 2014 war. Others show poor implementation of clinical guidelines and lack of professional skills in communication and teamwork. Specialised training should be offered for clinicians in order to improve these aspects. However, the most striking deficiency was the extremely poor documentation, reflecting a lack of awareness among clinicians regarding its importance. Local policymakers should focus on systematic application of quality improvement strategies in order to achieve greater patient safety and further reductions in the maternal mortality rate.Background: Maternal mortality is an important health indicator for the overall health of a population. This study assessed the causes and contributing factors to maternal mortality that occurred in the Gaza-Strip between July 2014 and June 2015. Methods: This is a retrospective study that used both quantitative and qualitative data. The data were collected from available medical records, investigation reports, death certificates, and field interviews with healthcare professionals as well as families. Results: A total of 18 maternal mortalities occurred in Gaza between 1st July 2014 and June 30th 2015. Age at time of death ranged from 18 to 44 years, with 44.4% occurring before the age of 35 years. About 22.2% were primiparous, while 55.6% were grand multiparous women. The most common causes of death were sepsis, postpartum haemorrhage, and pulmonary embolism. The most striking deficiency was very poor medical documentation which was observed in 17 cases (94%). In addition, poor communication between doctors and women and their families or among healthcare teams was noticed in nine cases (50%). These were repeatedly described by families during interviews. Further aspects surfacing in many interviews were distrust by families towards clinicians and poor understanding of health conditions by women. Other factors included socioeconomic conditions, poor antenatal attendance and the impact of the 2014 war. Low morale among medical staff was expressed by most interviewed clinicians, as well as the fear of being blamed by families and management in case of adverse events. Substandard care and lack of appropriate supervision were also found in some cases. Conclusions: This study revealed deficiencies in maternity care, some of which were linked to the socioeconomic situation and the 2014 war. Others show poor implementation of clinical guidelines and lack of professional skills in communication and teamwork. Specialised training should be offered for clinicians in order to improve these aspects. However, the most striking deficiency was the extremely poor documentation, reflecting a lack of awareness among clinicians regarding its importance. Local policymakers should focus on systematic application of quality improvement strategies in order to achieve greater patient safety and further reductions in the maternal mortality rate

Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Escherichia Coli Isolated from the Community in Gaza Strip, Palestine

This study was designed in order to detect the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in the isolated Escherichia coli. The prevalence of ESBL production was determined among 300 isolates of E. coli. Eleven (3.7%) isolates proved to be ESBL. High resistance especially, to amoxycillin, cephalexin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime (100.0%) and gentamicin (81.8%) was observed. It was also observed that, all ESBL-producers displayed multiple resistance to four or more antimicrobial agents and the majority of th